Ho, Lai Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 213-238). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract in Chinese (摘要） --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.vii / List of abbreviations --- p.ix / Table of contents --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter One: --- General Introduction_ --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Neuroblastoma --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- An overview on neuroblastoma --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Classification of neuroblastoma --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Epidemiology of neuroblastoma --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Clinical manifestation of neuroblastoma --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Diagnosis of neuroblastoma --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Conventional therapy of neuroblastoma --- p.12 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Novel treatments of neuroblastoma --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2 --- Conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- An overview of polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated fatty acids --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Chemical structure and physical properties of CLNs --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Natural occurrence of CLNs --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Synthesis of CLNs --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of CLNs --- p.24 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Major biological and pharmacological activities of CLNs --- p.25 / Chapter 1.2.6.1 --- Hypolipidemic and anti-obese effects --- p.25 / Chapter 1.2.6.2 --- Anti-cancer effects --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2.6.2.1 --- Anti-proliferation --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2.6.2.2 --- Chemoprevention --- p.28 / Chapter 1.2.6.2.3 --- Apoptosis-inducing --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3 --- Aims and scope of the study --- p.31 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and Methods_ --- p.34 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animals --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cell lines --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Cell culture medium, buffers and other reagents" --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for DNA extraction --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Reagents and buffers for flow cytometry --- p.49 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Reagents and buffers for measuring caspase activity --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- Reagents for Hoechst staining --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.9 --- Reagents and buffers for RNA extraction --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.10 --- Reagents and buffers for DNA digestion --- p.54 / Chapter 2.1.11 --- Reagents and buffers for reverse transcription --- p.55 / Chapter 2.1.12 --- Reagents for real-time polymerase chain reaction --- p.57 / Chapter 2.1.13 --- Reagents and buffers for Western blotting --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Culture of cell lines --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Preparation of NIH-3T3 conditioned medium --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Determination of cell viability --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Cytotoxicity test of CLNs on murine peritoneal macrophages --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Cytotoxicity test of CLNs on murine bone marrow cells --- p.68 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Cytotoxicity test of CLNs on murine splenocytes --- p.68 / Chapter 2.2.8 --- Cytotoxicity tests of CLNs on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.9 --- Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining analyzed by flow cytometry --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.10 --- Determination of colony forming ability --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.11 --- Determination of cell invasiveness --- p.70 / Chapter 2.2.12 --- In vivo tumorigenicity assay --- p.71 / Chapter 2.2.13 --- Analysis of cell cycle profile/ DNA content by flow cytometry --- p.72 / Chapter 2.1.14 --- Measurements of apoptosis --- p.72 / Chapter 2.1.15 --- Measurements of differentiation --- p.77 / Chapter 2.1.16 --- Gene expression study --- p.78 / Chapter 2.2.17 --- Protein expression study --- p.81 / Chapter 2.2.18 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Anti-proliferative Effect of CLN Isomers on Human Neuroblastoma cells --- p.86 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.89 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Anti-proliferative effect of CLN isomers on various human neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro --- p.89 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Direct cytotoxic effect of jacaric acid on neuroblastoma LA-N-1 cells in vitro --- p.100 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Cytotoxicity of jacaric acid on primary murine cells and human normal cell lines --- p.103 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Kinetic and reversibility studies of the anti-proliferative effect of jacaric acid on LA-N-1 cells --- p.106 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Synergistic anti-proliferative effect of jacaric acid with daidzein and retinoic acid on LA-N-1 cells in vitro --- p.110 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Modulatory effect of jacaric acid on the number of cell division in LA-N-1 cells --- p.113 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the cell cycle profile of LA-N-1 cells --- p.115 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the invasiveness of LA-N-1 cells --- p.118 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the colony forming ability of LA-N-1 cells in soft agar --- p.120 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the in vivo tumorigenicity of the LA-N-1 cells --- p.122 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Apoptosis- and Differentiation-inducing Effects of Jacaric Acid on Human Neuroblastoma Cells --- p.133 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.134 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.138 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Induction of DNA fragmentation and apoptotic ultrastructural changes in LA-N-1 cells by jacaric acid --- p.138 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Induction of phosphatidylserine externalization by jacaric acid in human neuroblastoma cells as detected by Annexin V-GFP/ PI dual staining --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the mitochondrial membrane potential in human neuroblastoma cells --- p.146 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the caspase-3 activity in LA-N-1 cells --- p.150 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Effect of jacaric acid on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human neuroblastoma cells --- p.153 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Morphological changes induced by jacaric acid in SH-SY5Y cells --- p.158 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.162 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Mechanistic Studies of Anti-proliferative Effect of Jacaric Acid on Human Neuroblastoma Cells --- p.171 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.172 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.178 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Effect of antioxidant a-tocopherol on the anti-proliferative effect of jacaric acid on LA-N-1 cells --- p.178 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of caspase inhibitors on the anti-proliferative effect of jacaric acid on LA-N-1 cells --- p.180 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Jacaric acid modulated the mRNA expression of N-myc and other related transcription factors in LA-N-1 cells --- p.182 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Jacaric acid modulated the protein expression of N-myc --- p.186 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Jacaric acid modulated the mRNA expression of apoptosis-associated genes --- p.188 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.191 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusions and Future Perspectives --- p.202 / References --- p.212
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326751 |
| Date | January 2009 |
| Contributors | Ho, Lai Ying., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Life Sciences. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xviii, 238 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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