袁枚（1716-1797）和章學誠（1738-1801）被郭紹虞稱為清代最有識見的兩位文學批評家。他們生活的乾、嘉時期，文壇和學術界那裏不同學派盤根錯結，紛爭不斷。揭櫫復古大旗的格調派與桐城派先後稱霸文壇，同時，考據派又成為顯學，力壓具官方背景的宋學，其影響力不斷向文壇滲透。然而復古派過分重視對古人文章形式的模仿，而考據派又太過注重知識的表現，因此造成了文學創作模式單調而內容刻板沉悶的局面。面對這個局面，袁枚和章學誠先後主張以個人性情作為文學創作的主導，同時又提倡融合不同學說的優點，摒除門戶之見，以打破學術上的封閉，為文學和學術的困境尋找新出路。 / 可惜，過去學界往往只將袁枚和章學誠的文論立場置於開放和保守的對立位置上來作互相比較，然而忽略了他們的文論針對的目標，以致某些特徵都具有相當明顯的一致性。因此，本文就袁、章二人文論中具一致性的觀點分成四部分展開討論，首先從兩人所處的時代觀察他們在面對強勢時代風氣有何不同反應；繼而探討他們如何受前代（如宋明理學）和當代（如考據學）學術思想的影響，並如何面對以及加以改造；隨後，本文就其思想特徵轉入討論他們對復古派的批評和改造文壇的創作模式；最後，再深入探索袁、章二人對文學創作才能的要求以及其對文學功能的看法。本文期望通過深入對比袁、章二人文論的特徵，對之進行比較，以期對清中期文論發展有更全面的認識。 / Yuan Mei 袁枚 (1716-1797) and Zhang Xuecheng 章學誠 (1738-1801) are both revered as the most visionary literary critics of Qing dynasty by Guo Shaoyu(郭绍虞). In the QianJia era(乾嘉時期), different literary schools conflicted with each other until the literary world finally ruled by Gediao school(格調派) and Tongcheng school(桐城派), both belong to Retro school and advocated archaism. Besides, Textual school (考據派) replace the status of officially supported Song school(宋學), and became the most influential power, and its influence on literary aspect was increasing. Under such influences, however, the literary world lost its vitality because Retro school focuses too much on imitating ancient works while textual school emphasizes excessively on knowledge. Since both Retro school and Textual school ignored personality in literature, Yuan Mei and Zhang Xuecheng advocated personal temperament as the major literary considerations. Furthermore, they promoted the advantages of the integration of different thoughts to prevent the disadvantages of the dispute between diferent schools and to find anew way for literature and academia. / In the past, academics generally put Yuan Mei and Zhang Xuecheng on the opposite side to compare their literary proposition. This thesis, on the contrary, endeavors to analyze the similarities of their literary ideas rom four perspectives. First, we shall focus on the historical background to observe their reactions to different trends of QianJia era. The second part analyzes how Neo-Confucianism(理學) and Textual school affect their thoughts. Thirdly, we turn to examine their criticism of archaism and hence their suggestions of literary reform. Finally, we explore Yuan and Zhang's requirements of talents in literary creations and their views on the function of literature. Through the comparison of different aspects of Yuan and Zhang’s literary theories, this thesis attempts to gain a better understanding of the development of Mid-Qing literary thoughts. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 黃永順. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-179). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Huang Yongshun.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1202951 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Contributors | 黃永順 (author.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Chinese Language and Literature. (degree granting institution.), Huang, Yongshun (author.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | Chinese, English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (179 leaves), computer, online resource |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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