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Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ / Nitrogen is one of the nutrient elements most limiting for plant growth. Thus, increasing plant
nitrogen usage efficiency (NUE) is an essential factor for sustainable agriculture, leading to
an increased food production with less fertilizer input and less environment impact. NUE in
plant involves the uptake and accumulation efficiency, and N use efficiency for grain
production. Understanding the mechanisms regulating these processes is crucial for the
improvement of NUE in crops. Therefore, is essential to comprehend plants response to
different N regimes, mainly N limitation. The usage of plants or varieties with differences in
nutrient use efficiency is another important factor to determine the main mechanisms involved
in these processes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate N metabolism and expression
of genes involved in N uptake and assimilitation of two rice varieties (Piau? and IAC-47),
under different N supply conditions. The N metabolism was evaluated by quantification of
nitrogen fractions in plant tissue and enzymatic activity, expression of genes that code for
high and low affinity N transporters, and N assimilation enzymes. Two experiments were
conducted: the first, to investigate the plants behavior when grown under high and low N
supply; and the second to verify plants response to NO3
- resupply. The IAC-47 variety
showed greatest mass accumulation in all treatments. When plants were grown for a long
period under low N supply it was observed a higher nitrate (NO3
-) content in the tissue of
Piau? variety, which is adapted to low fertility conditions, as well as a high activity of nitrate
reductase and glutamine synthetase in the roots of these plants. When under high NO3
- supply
for a long period, Piau? variety had higher NO3
- concentrations in roots and sheaths, but no
differences were observed in enzymes activity. The nitrate transporters expression was higher
in roots of Piau? plants under low supply of NO3
- when compared to Piau? plants under high N
supply. Nitrate transporters expression in roots of IAC-47 plants showed a pattern opposite to
the one observed for Piau? plants. When plants were resupplied with NO3
-, after a 72 hours
period without N, there was a rapid increase, after 6 hours of resupply, in the expression of
high affinity nitrate transporters genes (OsNRT2.1) and the plastidial glutamine synthetase
(GS2) in the Piau? variety roots, and a higher expression of these in IAC-47 roots after a 24
hours of N resupply. The efficiency of Piau? variety is related to the differentiated control of
N absorption and assimilation mechanisms, which allow bigger expression of high affinity
nitrate transporters in tissue with high levels of soluble N, high N status, indicating that the
control of nitrogen uptake system may be essential for the nitrogen usage efficient. / O nitrog?nio ? um dos elementos minerais que mais limita o desenvolvimento das plantas.
Assim, aumentar a efici?ncia de uso de nitrog?nio (EUN) ? um fator ? essencial para uma
agricultura sustent?vel, levando a um aumento da produ??o de alimentos com menor uso de
insumos e menos impactos ao ambiente. A EUN envolve a efici?ncia de absor??o e ac?mulo e
a efici?ncia de utiliza??o de N para produ??o. Compreender os mecanismos envolvidos nesses
processos e como eles s?o controlados ? fundamental para a melhoria da EUN nas plantas
cultivadas. Para isso, ? essencial entender a resposta e comportamento das plantas a diferentes
regimes de N, principalmente ? limita??o de N. O uso de plantas ou variedades com
diferen?as na EUN ? outro fator importante para verificar os principais mecanismos
envolvidos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o metabolismo e a
express?o de genes envolvidos na absor??o e assimila??o de nitrog?nio nas variedades de
arroz Piau? e IAC-47 sob diferentes condi??es de disponibilidade desse nutriente. O
metabolismo de N foi avaliado atrav?s da quantifica??o das fra??es nitrogenadas no tecido e
atividade enzim?tica, a express?o de genes que codificam para transportadores de N de alta e
baixa afinidade e enzimas de assimila??o de N. Foram realizados dois experimentos: o
primeiro para verificar o comportamento das plantas quando cultivadas sob alto e baixo
suprimento de N; e o segundo, para verificar as repostas ao ressuprimento de N. O ac?mulo
de massa foi maior na variedade IAC-47 em todos os tratamentos. Quando as plantas foram
cultivadas por um longo per?odo sob baixo suprimento de N foi observado maior teor de
nitrato (NO3
-) no tecido da variedade Piau?, adaptada a condi??es de baixa fertilidade, assim
como uma alta atividade da nitrato redutase e glutamina sintetase nas ra?zes dessas plantas.
Sob alto suprimento de NO3
-, por um longo per?odo, a variedade Piau? apresentou maiores
teores de NO3
- nas bainhas e ra?zes, mas n?o foram observas diferen?as na atividade de
enzimas. A express?o dos transportadores de nitrato na variedade Piau? foi mais elevada nas
ra?zes das plantas sob baixo suprimento de NO3
- quando comparado as plantas sob alto
suprimento de N. Na variedade IAC-47 a express?o dos transportadores de NO3
- teve
comportamento oposto ao observado para a Piau?. Quando as plantas receberam NO3
-, ap?s
um per?odo de 72 horas sem N, houve um r?pido aumento, ap?s 6 horas do ressuprimento, na
express?o do gene que codifica para o transportador de NO3
- de alta afinidade OsNRT2.1 e
glutamina sintetase plastidial (GS2) nas ra?zes da variedade Piau?, e 24 horas ap?s o
ressuprimento a express?o foi maior na variedade IAC-47. A efici?ncia da variedade Piau?
esta relacionada ao controle diferenciado dos mecanismos de absor??o e assimila??o de N,
que permite a maior express?o dos transportadores de nitrato de alta afinidade em tecido com
altos teores de N sol?vel, alto status de N, indicando que o controle do sistema de absor??o de
N pode ser essencial para a efici?ncia no uso de nitrog?nio.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1163 |
| Date | 23 February 2011 |
| Creators | Bucher, Carlos Alberto |
| Contributors | Fernandes, Manlio Silvestre, Sousa, Sonia Regina, Santos, Leandro Azevedo |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agronomia e Ci?ncia do Solo, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Agronomia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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