Detonations in gases usually propagate with lateral strain rates, in either weakly confined or varying-cross-section or curved or even small-sized geometries. Lateral strain rates have been generally known to significantly impact the detonation dynamics, i.e., decreasing the propagation speeds lower than the theoretical Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) velocities, increasing the propagation limit pressures as well as cell sizes. Since the detonation-based engines require the reliable control of the accurate ignition and stable propagation of a detonation wave, it is desirable to have the predictive capability of the response of detonation dynamics to lateral strain rates, for achieving the practical purposes of detonation applications. Therefore, the present thesis aims to provide such predictability, by quantifying the effect of lateral strain rates on detonation dynamics from both the experimental and numerical modelling perspectives.
Experimentally, this study extended the exponential horn technique of Radulescu and
Borzou (2018) to a range of characteristic mixtures with varied detonation instability
levels, i.e., from the weakly unstable system of 2H₂/O₂/7Ar to the highly unstable one
of CH₄/2O₂. Steady detonation waves were obtained at the macro-scale, with the very regular H₂/O₂/Ar detonation cellular structures characterized by reactive transverse waves while the unstable hydrocarbon-oxygen detonation reaction zone structures in the presence of significant unreacted gas pockets. The meaningful D-K curves characterizing the relationships between the detonation mean propagation speeds and lateral strain rates were directly obtained from experiments. Comprehensive comparisons were then made between experiments and predictions from the generalized ZND model with lateral strain rates. Excellent agreement was found for the stable H₂/O₂/Ar detonations due to the much longer thermally insensitive reaction zone lengths compared to the characteristic induction zone
lengths, while substantial departures exist for the highly unstable CH₄/2O₂ detonations. The degree of departure was found to correlate well with the detonation instability. As compared to the laminar ZND wave, the more unstable hydrocarbon-oxygen detonations manifested themselves in the significantly enhanced global rates of energy release with the notably suppressed thermal character of ignition. Implications of such a globally enhanced burning mechanism highlight the important role of diffusive processes involved in turbulent burning of the unreacted gas pockets. Finally, empirical global reaction rate laws were developed for effectively capturing the dynamics of unstable detonations.
Numerically, this work proposed a novel model for evaluating the effect of boundary
layer losses on cellular structures of 2D detonations in narrow channels. The boundary-layer-induced lateral strain rate was evaluated using the negative boundary layer displacement of Mirels' theory. With the theoretical Mirels' constant KM reduced by a factor of 2, the experimentally obtained 2H₂/O₂/7Ar detonations can be very well reproduced by simulations using the resulting quasi-2D formulation. It was further found out that detonation cellular cycle dynamics can be modified by the presence of boundary layer losses, yielding larger velocity fluctuations and more rapid decay rates of the lead shock. The exponential sensitivity of detonation cell sizes to velocity deficits, controlled by the global activation energy, highlights the importance of providing the detonation speed when reporting experimentally measured cell sizes.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uottawa.ca/oai:ruor.uottawa.ca:10393/40946 |
| Date | 04 September 2020 |
| Creators | Xiao, Qiang |
| Contributors | Radulescu, Matei |
| Publisher | Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa |
| Source Sets | Université d’Ottawa |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
Page generated in 0.002 seconds