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Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Os impactos provocados pela agricultura convencional t?m promovido degrada??o dos recursos naturais, o que preocupa toda a humanidade. Especificamente nos tr?picos, os solos necessitam de prote??o constante, haja vista que o seu desgaste promove redu??o da produtividade. Nesse sentido, pr?ticas conservacionistas, como aduba??o verde, permitem a manuten??o da capacidade produtiva do solo ao longo do tempo, sem causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente, conduzindo para a sustentabilidade dos agroecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi gerar e adaptar conhecimentos e tecnologias que possibilitem ampliar o uso da aduba??o verde em cultivos conservacionistas de baixa perturba??o do solo para a agricultura familiar, no Vale do Jequitinhonha/MG, quando foram objetos deste estudo dois biomas caracter?sticos da regi?o, o Cerrado e a Caatinga. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos: um na regi?o de Cerrado, com leguminosas anuais, mucuna cinza (Mucuna nivea), mucuna preta (Mucuna aterrima), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab), feij?o-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), crotal?ria juncea (Crotalaria juncea), crotal?ria espectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis), guandu an?o (Cajanus cajan) e testemunha (solo nu), e outro na regi?o da Caatinga Mineira, constitu?do pelas leguminosas perenes: cudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides), calopog?nio (Calopogonium mucunoides), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), soja perene (Glycine wightii), estilosante campo grande (Stylosanthes capitata e Stylosanthes macrocephala) e testemunha (solo nu). O delineamento experimental utilizado nos dois experimentos foi o de blocos ao caso com quatro repeti??es. Observou-se que, na regi?o de Cerrado, as leguminosas que se destacaram inicialmente para cobertura do solo foram a mucuna cinza e o feij?o-de-porco, com todas as coberturas promovendo a redu??o da temperatura em rela??o ? testemunha. Para a reten??o de umidade do solo, o destaque foi a mucuna cinza. Dentre as coberturas avaliadas nesse bioma, as que contribu?ram para redu??o da fitomassa das plantas espont?neas foram o guandu an?o, mucuna cinza, feij?o-de-porco e lab-lab, com destaque para redu??o em 40% da fitomassa das gram?neas, proporcionada com essas coberturas. A mucuna cinza, mucuna preta, lab-lab e feij?o-de-porco se destacaram no incremento de macronutrientes e aumento da mat?ria org?nica sobre o solo, com a senesc?ncia de folhas durante o ciclo. A crotal?ria juncea foi a esp?cie que se destacou no ac?mulo de fitomassa, aporte N e macronutrientes. No experimento realizado na regi?o da Caatinga Mineira, as leguminosas que se destacaram para cobertura do solo foram o calopog?nio, amendoim forrageiro e cudzu tropical, com o calopog?nio contribuindo com as maiores taxas nos primeiros 90 dias. O uso das leguminosas como cobertura permanente promoveu mudan?as na composi??o das esp?cies espont?neas ao longo das avalia??es, quando o calopog?nio, amendoim forrageiro e cudzu tropical se destacaram na capacidade de supress?o das espont?neas. Todas as leguminosas a partir dos 120 dias proporcionaram menor temperatura do solo, em rela??o ? testemunha. O calopog?nio se destacou dentre as esp?cies, com maior capacidade em conservar a umidade do solo, no incremento de macronutrientes e aumento da mat?ria org?nica sobre o solo, por meio da senesc?ncia de folhas durante o ciclo, maior ac?mulo de fitomassa, macronutrientes e aporte de N ao sistema, pela parte a?rea, aos 180 dias de ciclo. Este trabalho permite que os agricultores conhe?am o comportamento das diferentes esp?cies para aduba??o verde, as quais apresentam caracter?sticas distintas, para, assim, suprirem as diferentes demandas para os sistemas agr?colas do Vale do Jequitinhonha. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT The impacts caused by conventional agriculture have been promoting degradation of natural resources, what concerns the humankind. Specifically in the tropics, the soils require constant protection, considering that the wastage decreases the productivity. In this sense, conservation practices such as green manuring maintain the productive capacity of the soil over the times without causing negative impacts to the environment, leading to the sustainability of ecosystems. The objective of this study was to generate and adapt knowledge and technology that could wide the use of green manuring in conservation crops with low soil disturbance to the family farm in the Jequitinhonha Valley/Minas Gerais, where there were evaluated two characteristic biomes of the region, Cerrado and Caatinga. Two experiments were conducted: one in the region of Cerrado with annual leguminous, grey mucuna (Mucuna nivea), black (Mucuna aterrima), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab), feij?o-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), juncea crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), espactabilis crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis), Little guandu (Cajanus cajan) and control (bare soil), and another in the Caatinga region consists of the perennial leguminous: tropical cudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides), calopog?nio (Calopogonium mucunoides), forage peanut (Arachis pintoi), perennial soy (Glycine wightii), campo grande estilosante (Stylosanthes capitata and Stylosanthes macrocephala) and control (bare soil). The experimental design used in both experiments was randomized blocks with four replications. It was observed that in the Cerrado region the species that initially stood out for ground cover were grey mucuna and feij?o-de-porco, with all the coverage promoting the reduction of temperature compared to control. In retaining soil humidity it was the grey mucuna. Among the tested coverages in this biome, the ones which contributed to the reduction in weeds phytomass were the little guandu, grey mucuna, feoj?o-de-porco and lab-lab, pointing the reduction of 40% in gramineas phytomass provided with these coverages. The grey mucuna, black mucuna, lab-lab and feij?o-de-porco stood out in the increment of macronutrients and increase of organic matter on the ground with the senescence of leaves during the cycle. The juncea crotalaria was the specie that stood out in the accumulation of phytomass, N and macronutrient intake. In the experiment conducted in the Caatinga Mineira, the species that stood out to cover the soil were Calopog?nio, forage peanut and tropical cudzu, where the Calopog?nio contributed to the highest rates is the first 90 days. The use of leguminous as permanent coverage induced changes in weed species composition along the ratings, when calopog?nio, forage peanut and tropical cudzu stood out in ability to suppress the spontaneous ones. All the leguminous out of 120 days provided less soil temperature, compared to control. The calopog?nio stood out among the species, with greater capacity to conserve soil humidity, the increment of macronutrients and increase of organic matter on the ground, through the senescence of leaves during the cycle, increased accumulation of phytomass, N and macronutrient intake of the system in the airy part in the 180 days of the cycle. This work allows farmers to know the behavior of different species against green manuring, what shows different characteristics making up for the different demands of agricultural systems in the Jequitinhonha Valley.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/570 |
| Date | 02 1900 |
| Creators | Teodoro, Ricardo Borges |
| Contributors | Perin, Adriano, F?vero, Claudenir, Oliveira, F?bio Luiz de, Oliveira, F?bio Luiz de, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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