Understanding the origins of biological diversity is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. A large body of theory attributes ecological and genetic diversification to divergent natural selection for resource specialization. This thesis examines adaptive radiation in response to selection for resource specialization in microcosm populations of the asexual bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. The general protocol for these experiments is to introduce a clonal population of Pseudomonas into a novel environment and to allow evolution to occur through the spontaneous appearance of novel genotypes carrying beneficial mutations. Adaptation can then be quantified through direct comparisons between evolved populations and their clonal ancestors. These experiments show that resource heterogeneity generates divergent natural selection for specialization on alternative resources, irrespective of the spatial structure of the environment. Adaptive radiation is possible in sympatry because of genetic trade-offs in the ability to exploit different resources, but these trade-offs are often not the result of antagonistic pleiotropy among loci that determine fitness on alternative resources. The rate of phenotypic diversification declines during adaptive radiation, apparently because the ecological opportunities required to support specialist lineages disappear as a consequence of initial diversification. The ultimate outcome of repeated instances of adaptive radiation is the evolution of a community of ecologically equivalent specialists that share similar adaptive traits, despite differences in the underlying genetic basis of specialization in replicate radiations. Comparisons with the literature on experimental evolution in microbial populations illustrate the results of this thesis are well-supported by experiments in a wide range of microbial microcosms.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.85576 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Creators | MacLean, Roderick Craig |
| Publisher | McGill University |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Coverage | Doctor of Philosophy (Department of Biology.) |
| Rights | All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. |
| Relation | alephsysno: 002209308, proquestno: AAINR12896, Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. |
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