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Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / CAPES / The Atlantic Rainforest is currently one of the most threatened biomes, considered global priority of conservation. Most of its forest remnants are in the form of small fragments. Forest fragmentation processes can lead to negative consequences for avifauna, such as the loss of specialized species, and increase in the proportion of opportunistic species. This study aimed to survey birds in forest fragments located in three private properties: Ip? Grange (IG), Monumento Grange (MG) and Fortaleza Farm (FF), located in Cacaria, Pira?, RJ. In the first chapter, a comparison was performed for the bird communities of the three sites regarding richness, frequency of occurrence, composition, abundance, diversity, equability and trophic guilds. In the second chapter, the biology of birds captured in mist networks in terms of capture and effort rate, seasonality, morphometric variation, body mass, feather molting and incubation plate were analyzed. The mist nets survey was conducted between August 2015 and February 2017, in which ten mist nets were opened from 06:00 a.m. to 17:00 p.m. Eight, eleven and nine field days were dispensed in SI, SM and FF, respectively. Four points counts were sampled in each fragment monthly between May 2016 and April 2017. A total of 205 species were recorded, with FF displaying the highest richness (147 sp) and the second highest diversity (H' = 4.38), MG displayed the second highest richness (130 sp) and the highest diversity (H' = 4.42), followed by IG, with the lowest wealth (122 sp) and diversity (H' = 4.26). Species composition varied significantly among the three sampled areas (F = 5,15; p = 0,0002), with each site presenting a different composition in relation to the others. A predominance of insectivorous and omnivorous species was observed in the three fragments. A total of 252 individuals were captured, distributed between 77 bird species. The dry season presented a higher catch rate (10.5%) when compared to the rainy season (6.6%), revealing a seasonal pattern. The highest body mass was observed for Leptotila rufaxilla (187.4g ? 16.72; n = 7,) and the lowest for Hylocharis cyanus (0.6g; n = 1). Beak length and total length presented the highest and the lowest coefficient of variation, respectively. When analyzing morphometric variations between sexes, in Manacus manacus, only wing, tail and tarsal length were significantly different. Of the total number of captured individuals, 71 (28.3%) displayed a brood patch and 37 (14.6%) were molting. The brood patch and molting were associated with season (?2 = 20.627; p = 0.000005 and ?2 = 8.363; p = 0.0038, respectively). In 16 individuals (6.34%), a molt and brood patch overlap was found, with molt associated with the brood patch (?2 = 4.408; p = 0.035). Although the study area was represented by small forest fragments with a certain degree of environmental impact, a significant local diversity was found, with the presence of endemic and endangered species. / A Mata Atl?ntica ? um dos biomas mais amea?ados atualmente e considerada como prioridade mundial de conserva??o. A maior parte de seus remanescentes florestais encontra-se na forma de pequenos fragmentos. O processo de fragmenta??o florestal pode trazer consequ?ncias negativas para a avifauna, como a perda de esp?cies especializadas e aumento de esp?cies oportunistas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o levantamento de aves em fragmentos florestais localizados em tr?s propriedades particulares: o S?tio Ip? (SI), o S?tio Monumento (SM) e a Fazenda Fortaleza (FF), situados em Cacaria, Pira?, RJ. No primeiro cap?tulo foi realizado uma compara??o da comunidade de aves entre estes tr?s locais quanto a riqueza, frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia, composi??o, abund?ncia, diversidade, equabilidade e guildas tr?ficas. No segundo cap?tulo, foram analisados aspectos da biologia das aves capturadas em redes de neblina quanto a taxa e esfor?o de captura, sazonalidade, varia??o morfom?trica, massa corporal, muda de penas e placa de incuba??o. O levantamento por redes foi realizado entre agosto/2015 a fevereiro/2017, na qual dez redes de neblina foram abertas das 06:00h ?s 17:00h. Foram dispensados oito, 11 e nove dias em campo no SI, SM e FF, repectivamente. Quatro pontos de escuta foram amostrados em cada fragmento mesalmente, entre maio/ 2016 a abril/2017. Foram registradas 205 esp?cies, na qual a FF foi local com a maior riqueza (147 sp) e a segunda maior diversidade (H?= 4,38). O SM apresentou a segunda maior riqueza (130 sp) e a maior diversidade (H?= 4,42). J? o SI demonstrou a menor riqueza (122 sp) e diversidade (H? = 4,26). A composi??o de esp?cies variou significativamente entre as tr?s ?reas amostradas (F = 5,15; p = 0,0002), na qual cada local apresentou uma composi??o diferente em rela??o aos demais. Houve predomin?ncia de esp?cies inset?voras e on?voras nos tr?s fragmentos. Foram capturados 252 indiv?duos distribu?dos em 77 esp?cies de aves. A esta??o seca apresentou maior taxa de captura (10,5%) quando comparada ? esta??o chuvosa (6,6%), revelando um padr?o sazonal. A maior massa corp?rea foi encontrada em Leptotila rufaxilla (187,4g ? 16,72; n = 7) e a menor em Hylocharis cyanus (0,6g; n = 1). O comprimento do bico e comprimento total apresentaram o maior e o menor coeficiente de varia??o, respectivamente. Na an?lise de varia??o morfom?trica entre sexos em Manacus manacus, apenas o comprimento da asa, da cauda e do tarso apresentaram diferen?as significativas. Do total de indiv?duos capturados, 71 (28,3%) apresentaram placa de incuba??o e 37 (14,6%) estavam com muda de penas. A placa de incuba??o e a muda foram associadas ? esta??o do ano (?2 = 20,627; p = 0,000005 e ?2 = 8,363; p = 0,0038, respectivamente). Em 16 indiv?duos (6,34%) foi encontrado sobreposi??o da muda e placa, estando a muda associada a placa de incuba??o (?2 = 4,408; p = 0,035). Apesar da ?rea de estudo ser representada por pequenos fragmentos florestais com um certo grau de impacto ambiental, foi encontrado uma significativa diversidade local, com a presen?a de esp?cies end?micas e amea?adas.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/2519 |
| Date | 02 March 2018 |
| Creators | SILVA, Tatiane Lima da |
| Contributors | Ferreira, Ildemar, Ferreira, Ildemar, Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al de, Siciliano, Salvatore, Esb?rard, Carlos Eduardo Lustosa |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Bilogia Animal, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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