<p>U radu je analizirana efektivnost zaštićenih područja Srbije u sadašnjosti i budućnosti na osnovu zastupljenosti povoljnih staništa i centara diverziteta 116 običnih vrsta ptica odabranih na osnovu 11 kriterijuma. Zasebno su evaluirana zaštićena prirodna dobara, međunarodno značajna područja za ptice (IBA) i mreža nastala preklapanjem dva tipa zaštićenih područja. Povoljna staništa istraživanih vrsta utvrđena su modelovanjem distribucije vrsta uz pomoć MaxEnt pristupa, a modeli distribucije projektovani su na četiri različita scenarija klimatskih promena u budućnosti (2050. godina). IBA mreža pokazala se kao značajno<br />efektivnija za zaštitu staništa istraživanih vrsta i centara njihvog diverziteta u odnosu na mrežu zaštićenih prirodnih dobara, a slična situacija predviđena je i u budućnosti. Oba tipa zaštićenih područja pokrivala su u proseku srazmerno mali procenat povoljnih staništa istraživanih vrsta (zaštićena prirodna dobra –<br />10,4%; IBA – 21,9%) i dovela su do ostvarivanja konzervacionih ciljeva malog broja vrsta (zaštićena prirodna dobra – 11; IBA - 37), dok su centri diverziteta istraživanih vrstasrazmerno slabo zastupljeni unutar obe mreže (zaštićena prirodna dobra – 9,8%; IBA – 25,4%). Zaštićena područja nisu pokazale<br />značajno veću efektivnost za konzervaciono prioritetnt vrste i njihov diverzitet. Zaštićena prirodna dobra i IBA mreža u Srbiji značajno bolje pokrivaju staništa i centre diverziteta šumskih vrsta i vrsta kamenjara, klisura i litica, dok su povoljna staništa i centri diverziteta gnezdarica poljoprivrednih staništa, naselja i vodenih staništa izrazito slabo zastupljena. Staništa gnezdarica nizijskih poljoprivrednih<br />staništa naročito su slabo zastupljena unutar zaštićenih prirodnih dobara i IBA mreže, koja za ovu grupu nisu dovela do postizanja konzervacionih ciljeva. Razlike u efektivnosti zaštićenih područja za gnezdarice različitih tipova staništa u budućnosti će se generalno povećavati, usled predviđenog smanjivanja<br />areala većine šumskih vrsta koje će se povlačiti u zaštitom bolje pokrivene planinske predele i širenja areala većine gnezdarica poljoprivrednih i vodenih staništa na nezaštićena nizijska područja. Za deo vrsta među kojima dominiraju<br />gnezdarice brdsko-planinskih šumskih i drugih prirodnih staništa glavna strategija zaštite podrazumeva precizno proširenje granica sadašnjih zaštićenih područja uz upravljanje orentisano ka očuvanju prirodnih staništa i smanjenju iskorišćavanja resursa. Sa druge strane, za većinu gnezdarica poljoprivrednih i<br />travnih staništa, naročito u nizijskim predelima, efektivna strategija bila bi definisanje potpuno novih i prostranih zaštićenih područja orijentisanih ka održavanju povoljnog režima upravljanja i korišćenja prostora. Rad ukazuje<br />na velike mogućnosti korišćenja nesistematično prikupljenih podataka profesionalnih i amaterskih ornitologa uz primenu tehnika modelovanja distribucije vrsta, ali naglašava potrebu za pokretanjem širokih programa<br />sistematskog popisa, kartiranja i monitoringa običnih vrsta ptica.</p> / <p>The study analyzes the effectiveness of protected areas in Serbia presently as well as in the future, based on the representation of suitable habitats and centers of diversity for 116 common species of birds, selected on the basis of 11 criteria. Nationally protected areas, Important Bird and Biodiversity areas (IBAs) and networks formed by overlapping these two types of protected areas have been evaluated separately. Suitable habitats of the species in the study were determined by species distribution modeling using the MaxEnt approach, and the distribution models were projected to four different climate change scenarios in future (year 2050). The IBA network proved to be significantly more effective for the protection of habitats of studied species and centers of their diversity, compared to the network of nationally protected areas, and a similar situation is projected for the future. Both types of protected areas on average covered a relatively small percentage of suitable habitats for most species (10.4% in nationaly protected areas, 21.9% in IBA) and meet conservation goals only for a small number of species (11 for nationaly protected areas, 37 for IBA). Diversity centers for species in the study are relatively poorlyrepresented within all three networks (9.8% for nationaly protected areas and 25.4% for IBA). Protected areas did not show significantly higher effectiveness for the conservation of priority species and their diversity. Nationaly protected areas and the IBA network in Serbia have a significantly better coverage of habitats and centers of diversity for forest species and species of rocky habitats, cliffs and gorges, while suitable habitats and centers of diversity for breeding birds of farmlands, settlements and aquatic habitats are very poorly represented. Habitats of breeding birds of lowland armlands are particularly poorly represented within protected natural assets and the IBA network, and this measure does not meet the conservation goals for this group of birds. Differences in the effectiveness of protected areas for breeding birds of various habitat types will generally increase in the future, due to the anticipated range decrease for most forest species that will withdraw to the better conserved mountainous areas, whereas range of the majority o f breeding birds of farmland and aquatic habitats will be expanded to unprotected lowland areas. For some of the species, mostly birds of hill and mountain forests and other natural habitats, the main conservation strategy implies precise boundaries extension of the current protected areas with management directed towards preserving natural habitats and reducing the utilization of resources. On the other hand, for most of the farmland and grassland species, especially in the lowlands, an effective strategy would be to define completely new and spacious protected areas oriented towards maintaining a favorable regime for management and landuse. The study demonstrates that there are great possibilities of using nonsystematically collected data from professiona l and amateur ornithologists, for application in species distribution modeling, but also emphasizes the need to launch extensive programs for systematic inventory, mapping and monitoring of common bird species.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)110896 |
| Date | 23 September 2019 |
| Creators | Radišić Dimitrije |
| Contributors | Milic Dubravka, Vujić Ante, Bjelić-Čabrilo Olivera, Kostić Desanka, Skorić Stefan |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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