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Previous issue date: 2011-05-16 / The industry, over the years, has been working to improve the efficiency of
diesel engines. More recently, it was observed the need to reduce pollutant emissions to
conform to the stringent environmental regulations. This has attached a great interest to
develop researches in order to replace the petroleum-based fuels by several types of less
polluting fuels, such as blends of diesel oil with vegetable oil esters and diesel fuel with
vegetable oils and alcohol, emulsions, and also microemulsions. The main objective of this
work was the development of microemulsion systems using nonionic surfactants that belong
to the Nonylphenols ethoxylated group and Lauric ethoxylated alcohol group, ethanol/diesel
blends, and diesel/biodiesel blends for use in diesel engines. First, in order to select the
microemulsion systems, ternary phase diagrams of the used blends were obtained. The
systems were composed by: nonionic surfactants, water as polar phase, and diesel fuel or
diesel/biodiesel blends as apolar phase. The microemulsion systems and blends, which
represent the studied fuels, were characterized by density, viscosity, cetane number and flash
point. It was also evaluated the effect of temperature in the stability of microemulsion
systems, the performance of the engine, and the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen
oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, and smoke for all studied blends. Tests of specific fuel
consumption as a function of engine power were accomplished in a cycle diesel engine on a
dynamometer bench and the emissions were evaluated using a GreenLine 8000 analyzer. The
obtained results showed a slight increase in fuel consumption when microemulsion systems
and diesel/biodiesel blends were burned, but it was observed a reduction in the emission of
nitrogen oxides, unburned hydrocarbons, smoke index and f sulfur oxides / A ind?stria, ao longo dos anos, vem trabalhando no sentido de melhorar a
efici?ncia dos motores. Mais recentemente surgiu, tamb?m, a necessidade de reduzir as
emiss?es de poluentes para se adequar ?s severas leis ambientais. Isto tem despertado o
interesse de desenvolver pesquisas no sentido de substituir os combust?veis derivados do
petr?leo por diversos tipos de combust?veis menos poluentes, tais como: misturas de ?leo
diesel com ?steres de ?leos vegetais e ?leo diesel com ?leos vegetais e ?lcool, emuls?es e
microemuls?es. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver sistemas microemulsionados a
partir de tensoativos n?o i?nicos dos grupos nonilfenois etoxilados e ?lcoois l?uricos
etoxilados, misturas com etanol/diesel e misturas diesel/biodiesel para uso em motores diesel.
Em uma primeira fase, visando selecionar os sistemas microemulsionados, foram obtidos
diagramas tern?rios das misturas, sendo os sistemas compostos por: tensoativos n?o-i?nicos,
?gua como fase polar e como fase apolar o diesel e/ou misturas diesel/biodiesel. Os sistemas
microemulsionados e as misturas, que representam os combust?veis estudados, foram
caracterizados quanto ? massa espec?fica, a viscosidade, o ?ndice de cetano e o ponto de
fulgor. Tamb?m foram avaliados o efeito da temperatura nos sistemas microemulsionados, o
desempenho do motor, e as emiss?es de mon?xido de carbono, ?xidos de nitrog?nio,
hidrocarbonetos n?o queimados e fuma?a de todos os sistemas. Os ensaios de consumo
espec?fico e das emiss?es em fun??o da pot?ncia foram realizados em um motor de ciclo
diesel em uma bancada dinamom?trica e o analisador de emiss?es GreenLine 8000. Os
resultados mostraram um pequeno aumento no consumo espec?fico para os combust?veis
microemulsionados, nas misturas diesel/biodiesel em rela??o ao diesel puro, por?m com uma
redu??o nas emiss?es de ?xidos de nitrog?nio, hidrocarbonetos n?o queimados, ?ndice de
fuma?a e ?xidos de enxofre
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15909 |
| Date | 16 May 2011 |
| Creators | Fernandes, Manoel Reginaldo |
| Contributors | CPF:05641284491, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro, CPF:07286937391, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null, Grilo, Marcelo Bezerra, CPF:11208511491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9758227561901031, Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar, CPF:21414130368, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9, Dantas, Michelle Sinara Greg?rio, CPF:91610559487, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3916745350968978, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de, Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess |
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