Content:
One of the well-explored alternatives to the lime – sulfide approach for dehairing and fibre opening is the enzymatic approach. In the approach, using a drum method, about 2.5 – 5.0%, on the soaked weight of the skin/hide, of the protease and amylase are sequentially employed, with each operation run for about 6 h. An extensive washing between the two steps required as the activity of one enzyme may be compromised in the presence of the other, especially during a long running of the drum. Though a combination approach, through the use of a bifunctional enzyme has been reported in the past for single step dehairing and fibre opening, this process is likely to have limited applications as there are reports that the storage stability of combination enzymes comprising of protease, amylase and lipase is low, which is generally circumvented by employing higher concentration of amylase and lipase over protease. The individual enzyme activities are also compromised in the presence of detergents and chelators. A similar scenario has also been observed in other industries such as food, laundry etc. The applicability of nanoparticlebased approach to immobilization of enzymes (individual) has been reported in areas such as catalysis and our earlier work immobilization of enzymes on iron oxide nanoparticles has been well received.
In this paper, the immobilization of multiple enzymes on copper oxide nanoparticle surfaces is reported. The immobilization, the stability of the enzyme immobilized nanoparticles and the activity of the enzymes present in the immobilized system has been confirmed using various analytical techniques. The extended storage stability of the protease – amylase – nanoparticle system has been studied. A comparative study between protease – amylase combination (in the absence/presence of nanoparticles) indicated that in the absence of nanoparticles, the amylase activity was reduced, possibly due to denaturation of the amylase by the protease. The mechanism by which copper oxide nanoparticles prevent the denaturation of amylase has been studied through computational methods. From the leather processing point of view, the use of protease – amylase – nanoparticle system for combined dehairing and fibre opening has been established and the intact nature of the collagen fibres confirmed through histopathological studies. A comparison between lime-sulfide, protease followed by amylase, protease-amylase-nanoparticle systems for dehairing – fibre opening has been made and the effectivity of the nanoparticle immobilization demonstrated.
Take-Away:
- A transition from chemical to bioprocessing
- Better acceptability of enzymatic approaches as known lacunae are overcome
- Sustainable beam house operations
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:DRESDEN/oai:qucosa:de:qucosa:34205 |
| Date | 28 June 2019 |
| Creators | Murugappan, Gunavadhi, Sreeram, Kalarical Janardhanan |
| Contributors | International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies |
| Publisher | Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V., Forschungsinstitut für Leder und Kunststoffbahnen (FILK) gGmbH |
| Source Sets | Hochschulschriftenserver (HSSS) der SLUB Dresden |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, doc-type:conferenceObject, info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject, doc-type:Text |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa2-340872, qucosa:34087 |
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