Master of Science / Department of Clinical Sciences / Gregory F. Grauer / Prostaglandins play many important roles in the kidney including regulation of renal
blood flow, glomerular filtration, renin release, and sodium excretion. Upon activation of the
renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), prostaglandin upregulation becomes critical to
offset the vasoconstrictive effects of norephinephrine, angiotensin II, and vasopressin.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce both their beneficial and detrimental
effects through inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme and subsequent interference with
prostaglandin production.
Healthy canine kidneys express both COX-1 and COX-2, although basal COX-2
expression in dogs is significantly higher than in other species. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs that spare COX-1 have exhibited less gastrointestinal toxicity, but no NSAID has been
proven safe for the kidney. The kidney is the organ with the second highest reports of adverse
drug events, which is usually manifested as functional changes. However, structural changes
including renal papillary necrosis, can occasionally be observed.
Dogs with chronic kidney disease could be expected to be at increased risk for NSAID-related
adverse drug effects. As nephrons and renal reserve are lost in chronic kidney disease,
the canine kidney becomes more dependent on COX-2 for production of prostaglandins.
Inasmuch as the prevalence of both CKD and OA increases with age, it is expected that many
dogs being treated with NSAIDs for OA will have loss of renal reserve and/or early stage CKD.
If administration of an NSAID is required for long term treatment of osteoarthritis, frequent
monitoring of blood pressure and renal parameters, as well as hepatic enzymes are
recommended.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:KSU/oai:krex.k-state.edu:2097/20475 |
| Date | January 1900 |
| Creators | Lomas, Amy |
| Publisher | Kansas State University |
| Source Sets | K-State Research Exchange |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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