Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the small intestine caused by the ingestion of gluten. Gluten presents to the intestine largely intact where it is deamidated by Transglutaminase-2 (TG2), increasing affinity for Human Leukocyte Antigen DQ2 (HLA-DQ2) and forming a complex that elicits an inflammatory response ultimately leading to villous atrophy. The only current treatment is strict adherence to a gluten-free diet, though TG2 inhibition is an attractive therapy due its central role in CD pathogenesis. Cocoa contains procyanidin-B2, theobromine and caffeine and may be capable of inhibiting TG2-induced intestinal inflammation and reduce CD symptoms. Procyanidin-B2 rich cocoa extracts reduced TG2 levels by up to 77% in vitro using Caco-2 cells. Significant TG2 inhibition was seen when cocoa extracts contained at least 8.5 μM procyanidin-B2 (p<0.05). Other CD inflammatory biomarkers including COX-2 and IL-15 were also significantly decreased in the presence of cocoa extracts. Serum cytokines IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β are commonly used to monitor CD and were analyzed using ELISA to confirm the inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers. This study shows promising results for use of a bioactive-rich cocoa product as a dietary inhibitor of TG2 that can be used with wheat-based products as an alternative therapy in CD.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LSU/oai:etd.lsu.edu:etd-04042016-152133 |
| Date | 18 April 2016 |
| Creators | Kramer, Kristen |
| Contributors | Losso, Jack, King, Joan, Xu, Zhimin |
| Publisher | LSU |
| Source Sets | Louisiana State University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-04042016-152133/ |
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