本文回顧了前近代時期中國傳統婦產科一門的醫學沿革與歐美產科醫學的「現代化」過程,追溯了西方婦產醫學自19世紀中期以來傳入廣州的發展軌跡。同時將目光聚焦於傳統醫學與19世紀傳入廣州的西方醫學,並將兩種體系進行比較。發現在不同的情況下二者表現出不同的利弊,無法評價其各自方法之優劣。而由傳教士所帶來的西法接生因為其統一、規範的操作被務實的廣州人所接受,並被善堂採用而作為慈善服務的一種,從而在廣州傳播並得到普及。可見,在廣州的西化過程中,是國人將適合自身的西方事物融入到本地社會生活中,並在不斷的磨合中完成「現代化」,而非國人克服種種困難,不斷地追求科學等現代指標。 / 此外,本文描繪廣州社會在20世紀初期接納「西法接生」,並將其作為一種摩登的接生方法而運用的歷史。受教會訓練的「女醫生」已成為一種正當的職業在社會上存在,「西法接生」這種由西醫外科衍變而來的技術為女醫生所利用,成為她們執業的亮點。通過善堂的贈接生善舉,「西法接生」在廣州的認知度得以提升,直至政府將婦女生產納入其衛生行政體系,並對接生從業者加以規管。可見,廣州婦女分娩的「現代化」並非得力於政府衛生行政的推動,而是在更早時期自發出現的。 / 通過比較香港、北京、廣州、上海四地政府對助產人員的規管條例,不同城市顯示出各自的特色。北京、上海借助西方公共衛生行政管理方法,集中對產婆進行培訓、登記,使其接生操作符合衛生行政要求,從而建立出一套適應中國社情的混合式制度,並以這一模式進行婦女生產的「現代化」。在中國醫療西化的過程中,不同的地方社會有著不同的衛生行政管理軌跡。 / This article examines the introduction, development, and proliferation of western Obstetrics, in particular the Midwifery, in Canton from 1860s to 1930s. By comparing and contrasting treatment of childbirth by traditional Chinese Midwifery in pre-modern period, especially the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Western Midwifery brought to Canton in this period, it is concluded that, subscribed to each distinctive medical theories, the two applied different views and strategies on the course of childbirth. Nevertheless, from an overall perspective, western Midwifery didn’t display obvious advantages compared with the Chinese traditional one. During the period of 1890s and 1920s, local philanthropic organizations actively promoted the approach and benefits of western midwifery to the local community to the childbirth modernity. / In addition, the modernization on childbirth in Canton was different to which in Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. In Beijing and Shanghai, the Municipal Governments established a new blended system legislating the centralized training and registration of traditional midwives to archive childbirth modernization with the application of western public health methods. In Canton, on the contrary, a large number of young women who have had more systematic classes and professional western medical training actively in missionary or local medical schools, became so-called “Obstetrics doctors. They participated in the “Free Delivery service offered by local philanthropic organizations with their western midwifery skills as a selling point, and replaced the traditional midwives to obtaining the majority of midwives. This led to another path to childbirth modernization. / It was suggested that different areas of China progressed variously during the journey of medical modernization and Canton played the unique role in the medical modernization of China. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 蔡笳. / "2012年8月". / "2012 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-95). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Cai Jia. / 摘要 --- p.i / 目錄 --- p.iii / 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 一、 --- 19、 20世紀中國的「現代化」問題 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 醫療史與中國「現代化」問題的討論 --- p.3 / Chapter 三、 --- 女性生育與醫療 --- p.4 / Chapter 四、 --- 廣州與中國「現代化」的地區差異 --- p.6 / Chapter 五、 --- 章節結構 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一章 --- 明清中國產科與17-19世紀的西方產科 --- p.9 / Chapter 一、 --- 明代以前中國的婦產醫學 --- p.10 / Chapter 二、 --- 明清以來中國婦產醫學與生育習俗 --- p.11 / Chapter (一) --- 明清時期中國婦產醫學 --- p.11 / Chapter (二) --- 明清時期的分娩處理 --- p.12 / Chapter 三、 --- 18、 19世紀歐美產科醫學的發展 --- p.18 / Chapter (一) --- 英國產科醫學的概況 --- p.18 / Chapter (二) --- 現代醫學的產生與婦產科之變化 --- p.20 / Chapter (三) --- 18、 19世紀的美國產科發展 --- p.21 / Chapter 四、 --- 小結 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二章 --- 西醫產科傳入廣州(1834-1890) --- p.25 / Chapter 一、 --- 西醫產科的早期發展 --- p.25 / Chapter (一) --- 伯駕的到來(1834-1850) --- p.25 / Chapter (二) --- 嘉約翰的成就:西醫醫院的雛形和西醫教育(1855-1899) --- p.27 / Chapter 二、 --- 女傳教士醫生的到來和西醫婦產醫療的實踐 --- p.32 / Chapter 三、 --- 女醫學堂的緣起 --- p.35 / Chapter 四、 --- 女醫學堂的醫學教育 --- p.37 / Chapter (一) --- 教育培訓 --- p.37 / Chapter (二) --- 西醫助產方法操作規範 --- p.40 / Chapter (三) --- 備用器材 --- p.44 / Chapter 五、 --- 夏葛醫校與柔濟醫院的婦產醫療實踐 --- p.44 / Chapter 六、 --- 小結 --- p.45 / Chapter 第三章 --- 西醫婦產在當地社會的發展(1895-1930) --- p.47 / Chapter 一、 --- 清末民初廣州善堂的「贈接生」服務 --- p.47 / Chapter (一) --- 順德水藤如春善社與廣州贊育醫社 --- p.49 / Chapter (二) --- 廣州方便醫院 --- p.50 / Chapter 二、 --- 清末民初產科醫院的創立 --- p.53 / Chapter 三、 --- 廣州婦產醫生群體 --- p.55 / Chapter (一) --- 出身背景 --- p.56 / Chapter (二) --- 女性產科師在醫患關係中的角色 --- p.57 / Chapter 四、 --- 政府衛生行政對產科從業者之規管 --- p.59 / Chapter 五、 --- 小結 --- p.68 / 結論 --- p.69 / 附錄 --- p.75 / 參考書目 --- p.89
Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_328466 |
Date | January 2012 |
Contributors | 蔡笳., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of History., Cai, Jia. |
Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
Language | Chinese, English |
Detected Language | English |
Type | Text, bibliography |
Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (iv, 95 leaves) |
Coverage | 20th century, 中國, 廣州市, 廣州市, China, Guangzhou Shi, Guangzhou Shi |
Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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