Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can fulfill many critical and contrasting roles in modern computing due to their combination of powerful computing and communication, inherent hardware flexibility, and energy efficiency. FPGAs are traditionally used in application areas such as emulation, prototyping, telecommunication, network packet processing, Digital Signal Processing (DSP), and a myriad of embedded and edge applications. Over the last decade, this use has expanded to include various functions in data centers including supporting low-latency communication and as a computing resource offered by cloud service providers.
There are, however, challenges in development and design portability in FPGAs as the typical design flows involve rebuilding the entire hardware stack for each deployment. To overcome these challenges and make FPGAs more accessible to developers, FPGA vendors and academic researchers have made attempts to add operating system-like abstractions to the FPGA use model. One approach is providing infrastructure logic, typically referred to as an FPGA shell, that implements and manages
external interfaces and provides services necessary for application logic to function properly. While they simplify the FPGA use model, fixed implementations of FPGA shells do not fully address the design portability limitations. They often use FPGA
resources unnecessarily as most applications do not require all the capabilities of the FPGA shell, and there is no flexibility in terms of the features implemented by the FPGA shell.
Automatic generation of FPGA system designs based on application requirements can overcome the limitations of fixed FPGA shells. It allows the infrastructure logic to be customized to match the application requirements and, therefore, to provide
better resource utilization. Automatic system generation also makes it easier to port designs across devices. We refer to a system design that manages FPGA resources and provides services to a user application as a “hardware operating system” (hOS); and a framework that maps user requirements and available system components to such system designs as an hOS generator.
Critical to automatic system generation for FPGAs are system components designed to be integrated into an hOS generator. In this dissertation, we develop a design strategy that maximizes component reuse and design portability while maintaining
the implementation effort at an acceptable level. We also present a component design example that follows the proposed design strategy to implement a host-FPGA PCIe communication subsystem. We demonstrate how the PCIe subsystem is integrated
into a system generator framework, used to enable different applications, and ported to different devices.
Additionally, we establish a set of characteristics for a good hOS generator design. We also discuss how and to what extent the system generation framework used in this work, named DISL, displays these ideal characteristics. Finally, we attempt to address the open question of how to evaluate a system generator. We discuss qualitative metrics and how they relate to the previously identified ideal characteristics of an hOS generator; and evaluate DISL based on these metrics.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bu.edu/oai:open.bu.edu:2144/49313 |
| Date | 20 September 2024 |
| Creators | Bandara, Sahan Lakshitha |
| Contributors | Herbordt, Martin C. |
| Source Sets | Boston University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
| Rights | Attribution 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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