The genus Clivia is from the African tribe Haemanthaceae and a member of the
family Amaryllidaceae. Clivia is endemic to southern Africa. Yellow Clivia are
mutations of the orange-red standard forms that have appeared spontaneously in both
wild and garden populations. Yellow Clivia plants are rare and desirable and were
described as Clivia miniata var. citrina. Hobbyists from around the world trade in
these ornamental plants initiating entire enterprises. Although the yellow form occurs
naturally, many yellow clones have arisen through cultivation. Clones passed on from
breeder to breeder have acquired different names. For directed breeding purposes in a
thriving industry it is important to identify genetically similar plants. The aims of this
study were to evaluate existing microsatellites for Clivia miniata var. citrina, to
determine if AFLP analysis can distinguish among different plants within the genus
Clivia and to determine genetic relatedness between different plants of âVicoâ,
âGiddyâ and âNatal Yellowâ cultivars.
Previous studies done on Clivia include RAPD analysis and SSR analysis for Clivia.
Work done in this study presents a first report of AFLP and SSR fingerprint analyses
on C. miniata var. citrina. SSR fingerprint analysis revealed that the existing four
SSR primer combinations were not applicable for studies on C. miniata var. citrina.
AFLP analysis was optimised using a total of 28 EcoRI / MseI primer combinations.
Primer combinations were evaluated using six randomly selected Clivia plants based
on number of generated fragments, ability to score generated fragments, ability to
detect polymorphism and level of polymorphic fragments. Fragments generated using
EcoRI+3 primers in combination with Mse+4 primer combinations conformed to the chosen criteria. Primer combinations E-ACC with M-CATC, E-AGC with M-CATC
and E-AGC with M-CTGG were selected for further studies on Clivia.
AFLP analysis using three preselected primer combinations on 72 Clivia plants was
successful in detecting genetic diversity and determining genetic relationships within
closely related cultivated Clivia plants. Relatively high levels of genetic diversity
(35%), as expected from known pedigree and species data, existed among Clivia
plants. Genetic diversity within C. miniata and C. miniata var. citrina plants was high
at 27%. Plants available for scrutiny were all genetically distinct. However, based on
known pedigree data, names allocated to plants might not be truly representative of
the true origin of the plants (e.g. Vico Meristem plants). Material obtained from
different breeders could be distinguished at DNA level (e.g. âGiddyâ and âNatal
Yellowâ cultivars).
AFLP analysis revealed that different flower coloured plants (Apricot, Blush, Peach,
Orange and Yellow) as well as plants from the same geographic areas were distributed
together throughout the dendrogram with only a few of a certain colour grouping
together. Known Group 1 Yellow and Group 2 Yellow were also present throughout
the entire dendrogram, although the majority of known Group 1 Yellow plants
grouped together.
Clustering of the different species of the genus Clivia agreed with known pedigree
data and hybrids included with their parents clustered according to known pedigree
data. The phylogenetic relationships of natural populations of C. miniata indicated that all
C. miniata plants shared a common ancestor. Clivia miniata from the same
geographical area grouped together in the cladogram. More data would be required to
prove these observations for all Clivia. Taxonomic status of the C. miniata var. citrina
would depend on the monophyly of yellow Clivia plants. Orange flowered forms
should be included to determine the validity of the current taxonomic status of these
groups.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ufs/oai:etd.uovs.ac.za:etd-06132007-111604 |
| Date | 13 June 2007 |
| Creators | Gagiano, Anthia |
| Contributors | Dr L Herselman, Prof JJ Spies |
| Publisher | University of the Free State |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en-uk |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.uovs.ac.za//theses/available/etd-06132007-111604/restricted/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University Free State or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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