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Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / In bees, foraging flight can influence spatial characteristics of interactions in the community, which have consequences at ecosystem levels, such as nutrient transfer, seed dispersal and pollination. The pollination service performed by bees, in addition to influencing plant reproduction, positively affects about 90% of 107 global crops. One of the fundamental components for understanding populations persistence and interactions among species is the bees' foraging ranges, which can be determinant for population dynamics, genetic structure and life history. Considering this, the present work aims to analyze the foraging of Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Schwarz, 19838) using artificial feeders. In addition to determining the flight distance for the specie, the workers' space-time learning to the feeder is evaluated, the relation between the visitation rate and the quality of the food resources offered and the influence of the meteorological factors on the foraging. The experiments were carried out in the Botanical Garden of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, from December 2014 to April 2015 and from November to December 2016. To analyze bees? learning in relation to the feeder, during two days the resource was available at the entrance of the colony and the number of visiting workers was counted every 1 hour. Also, the influence of the meteorological factors in relation to the maximum distance reached by the workers was analyzed along with the relation to the visitation rate in the artificial feeder. In order to analyze the flight distance of the species, the feeder was arranged near the entrance of the hive and, from the bees? visitation, was moved every 30 min by 30m, 50m, 100m, 150m and so on until the maximum distance with foraging of workers. Five feeders containing sucrose solutions with different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50%) were simultaneously placed in front of each target colony to analyze the relationship between the quality of the resource and the visitation rate. These feeders were spaced apart at 10 m intervals and the number of visits counted at each distance for 30 min. The results showed that T. fiebrigi reached a forage distance of 600 m in the feeder. However, the number of visits decreased as the distance from the resource increased relatively to the colony. The sugar concentration in the syrup offered have influenced the workers? decision-making, that is, the quality of the resources was directly related to the visitation rate, since the workers increased visitation frequency at the highest concentrations, from 30 to 50%. At lower concentrations, 10 and 20%, the number of visits was lower and the workers stopped the foraging in a distance closer to the colony (80 m). Regarding the learning of the bees to locate the feeder, there was a visitation rate increase on subsequent days of availability of the resource. This study made it possible to relate visitation rate in relation to flight distance, meteorological factors and resource quality, enriching the understanding of the foraging pattern of T. friebrigi. Knowledge about the foraging of this species, as well as other bee species, allows inferences about migration, colonization, resource collection, pollination potential and the application of this information for management aimed at biodiversity conservation. In meliponiculture, this knowledge allows the spatial planning of the colonies according to the distribution and abundance of the resources present in the landscape. Similarly, knowledge about the foraging of bees is important in agriculture, due to the possibility of landscape planning, or even directed pollination, to increase the productivity of the crops dependent on those pollinators. / Nas abelhas o voo de forrageio pode influenciar as caracter?sticas espaciais das intera??es na comunidade, as quais t?m consequ?ncias em n?veis ecossist?micos, como na transfer?ncia de nutrientes, dispers?o de sementes e poliniza??o. O servi?o de poliniza??o efetuado pelas abelhas, al?m de influenciar na reprodu??o de plantas, afeta positivamente cerca de 90% de 107 culturas globais. Um dos componentes fundamentais para entender a persist?ncia de popula??es e as intera??es entre as esp?cies ? o raio de forrageio das abelhas, o qual pode ser determinante para a din?mica de popula??o, estrutura gen?tica e hist?ria de vida. Diante disto, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar o forrageio de Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Schwarz, 1938) utilizando alimentadores artificiais. Foi avaliado o aprendizado das oper?rias ao alimentador, a rela??o entre a taxa de visita??o e a qualidade dos recursos alimentares ofertados e a influ?ncia dos fatores meteorol?gicos no forrageio. Os experimentos foram realizados no Jardim Bot?nico de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil, no per?odo de dezembro de 2014 a abril de 2015 e de novembro a dezembro de 2016. Para analisar o aprendizado das abelhas em rela??o ao alimentador, durante dois dias, o recurso era disponibilizado na entrada da col?nia e n?mero de visitas de oper?rias era contabilizado a cada hora. Tamb?m foi analisada influ?ncia dos fatores meteorol?gicos em rela??o a dist?ncia m?xima alcan?ada pelas oper?rias e ainda em rela??o a taxa de visita??o no alimentador artificial. Para analisar a dist?ncia de voo da esp?cie, o alimentador era disposto pr?ximo da entrada da colmeia e, a partir da visita??o de abelhas, era movido a cada 30 min em 30m, 50m, 100m, 150m e assim sucessivamente at? a dist?ncia m?xima com forrageamento de oper?rias. Para analisar a rela??o da qualidade do recurso com a taxa de visita??o foram dispostos, simultaneamente, em frente a cada col?nia alvo cinco alimentadores contendo solu??es de sacarose com diferentes concentra??es (10, 20, 30, 40, 50%). Estes alimentadores eram distanciados em intervalos de 10 m e o n?mero de visitas era contabilizado em cada dist?ncia por 30 min. Os resultados demonstraram que T. fiebrigi alcan?ou a dist?ncia de 600 m para forragear no alimentador. Entretanto, o n?mero de visitas diminuiu na medida que a dist?ncia do recurso aumentou em rela??o a col?nia. Com rela??o ao aprendizado das abelhas para localizar o alimentador verificou-se aumento da taxa de visita??o em dias subsequentes de disponibiliza??o do recurso. A concentra??o de a??car no xarope ofertado influenciou a tomada de decis?o das oper?rias, isto ?, a qualidade dos recursos teve rela??o direta com a taxa de visita??o, dado que as oper?rias aumentaram a frequ?ncia de visitas nas concentra??es mais elevadas, de 30 a 50%. Nas concentra??es inferiores, de 10 e 20%, o n?mero de visitas foi menor e as oper?rias cessaram o forrageamento em dist?ncia mais pr?xima da col?nia (80 m). Este estudo possibilitou relacionar a taxa de visita??o com rela??o a dist?ncia de voo, aos fatores meteorol?gicos e a qualidade dos recursos, enriquecendo a compreens?o sobre o padr?o de forrageio de T. friebrigi. O conhecimento sobre o forrageio desta, bem como de outras esp?cies de abelhas, permite infer?ncias sobre a migra??o, coloniza??o, coleta de recursos, potencial de poliniza??o e a aplica??o destas informa??es para o manejo dirigido ? conserva??o da biodiversidade. Na meliponicultura, esse conhecimento possibilita o planejamento espacial das col?nias de acordo com a distribui??o e abund?ncia dos recursos presentes na paisagem. De modo semelhante o conhecimento sobre o forrageamento das abelhas ? importante na agricultura, devido ? possibilidade de planejamento da paisagem, ou mesmo de poliniza??o dirigida, para o aumento da produtividade das culturas dependentes desses polinizadores.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/7765 |
| Date | 30 June 2017 |
| Creators | Kaehler, Tatiana Guterres |
| Contributors | Blochtein, Betina |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s Gradua??o em Zoologia, PUCRS, Brasil, Escola de Ci?ncias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | -6482652380601267558, 500, 600, 2075167498588264571 |
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