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Previous issue date: 2005-07-21 / The formation of paraffin deposits is common in the petroleum industry during production, transport and treatment stages. It happens due to modifications in the thermodynamic variables that alter the solubility of alkanes fractions present in petroleum. The deposition of paraffin can provoke significant and growing petroleum losses, arriving to block the flow, hindering to the production. This process is associated with the phases equilibrium L-S and the stages and nucleation, growth and agglomeration the crystals. That process is function of petroleum intrinsic characteristics and temperature and pressure variations, during production. Several preventive and corrective methods are used to control the paraffin crystallization, such as: use of chemical inhibitors, hot solvents injection, use of termochemistry reactions, and mechanical removal. But for offshore exploration this expensive problem needs more investigation. Many studies have been carried through Wax Appearance Temperature (WAT) of paraffin; therefore the formed crystals are responsible for the modification of the reologics properties of the oil, causing a lot off operational problems. From the determination of the WAT of a system it is possible to affirm if oil presents or not trend to the formation of organic deposits, making possible to foresee and to prevent problems of wax crystallization. The solvent n-paraffin has been widely used as fluid of perforation, raising the production costs when it is used in the removal paraffin deposits, needing an operational substitute. This study aims to determine the WAT of paraffin and the interference off additives in its reduction, being developed system paraffin/solvent/surfactant that propitiates the wax solubilization. Crystallization temperatures in varied paraffin concentrations and different solvents were established in the first stage of the experiments. In the second stage, using the methodology of variation of the photoelectric signal had been determined the temperature of crystallization of the systems and evaluated the interferences of additives to reduction of the WAT. The experimental results are expressed in function of the variations of the photoelectric signals during controlled cooling, innovating and validating this new methodology to determine WAT, relatively simple with relation the other applied that involve specific equipments and of high cost. Through the curves you differentiate of the results had been also identified to the critical stages of growth and agglomeration of the crystals that represent to the saturation of the system, indicating difficulties of flow due to the increase of the density / A forma??o de dep?sito paraf?nico ? comum na ind?stria do petr?leo durante as etapas de produ??o, movimenta??o e tratamento e ocorre em decorr?ncia de modifica??es nas vari?veis termodin?micas que alteram a solubilidade das fra??es de alcanos presentes no petr?leo. A cristaliza??o de parafinas pode provocar significativas e crescentes perdas de petr?leo, chegando a bloquear o fluxo, impedindo ? produ??o. Esse processo est? associado ao equil?brio de fases L-S e as etapas de nuclea??o, crescimento e aglomera??o dos cristais. Existem v?rios m?todos preventivos e corretivos para controlar a cristaliza??o de parafinas, dentre os quais se destacam: o uso de inibidores qu?micos, a inje??o de solventes aquecidos, o emprego de rea??es termoqu?micas e a remo??o mec?nica, por?m quanto ? explora??o offshore pouco se conhece, tornando-se indispens?vel investigar este custoso problema. Muitos estudos t?m sido realizados quanto ? temperatura de in?cio do aparecimento dos cristais (TIAC) da parafina, pois os cristais formados s?o respons?veis pela modifica??o das propriedades reol?gicas do petr?leo, causando diversos problemas operacionais. A partir da determina??o da TIAC de um sistema ? poss?vel afirmar se um petr?leo apresenta ou n?o tend?ncia ? forma??o de dep?sitos org?nicos, possibilitando prever e evitar problemas de cristaliza??o paraf?nica. O solvente n-parafina tem sido amplamente utilizado como fluido de perfura??o, elevando os custos de produ??o quando ? empregado na remo??o de dep?sitos paraf?nicos, necessitando de um substituto operacional. Este estudo visa determinar a TIAC da parafina e ? interfer?ncia de aditivos na sua redu??o, desenvolvendo um sistema parafina/solvente/tensoativo que propicie a solubiliza??o paraf?nica. Na primeira etapa dos experimentos, foram determinadas as temperaturas de cristaliza??o em concentra??es de parafina variadas e diferentes solventes. Na segunda etapa, utilizando a metodologia de varia??o do sinal fotoel?trico foi determinada a temperatura de cristaliza??o dos sistemas e avaliadas as interfer?ncias dos aditivos quanto ? redu??o da TIAC. Os resultados s?o expressos em fun??o das varia??es do sinal fotoel?trico, durante resfriamento controlado, inovando e validando esta metodologia de determina??o da TIAC, relativamente simples com rela??o ?s outras aplicadas que envolvem equipamentos espec?ficos e de alto custo. Atrav?s das curvas diferencias dos resultados tamb?m foram identificadas ?s etapas cr?ticas de crescimento e aglomera??o dos cristais que representam ? satura??o do sistema, indicando dificuldades de fluxo devido ao aumento da densidade
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/15766 |
| Date | 21 July 2005 |
| Creators | Santana, Erika Adriana de |
| Contributors | CPF:59545844434, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645D3, Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino, CPF:05641284491, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783215D9, Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de Alencar, CPF:21414130368, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4702157Y9, Ramos, Antonio Carlos da Silva, CPF:70434212415, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4798645J4, Dutra J?nior, Tarcilio Viana, Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Tecnologias Regionais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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