This research project discusses the construction of human nature in the medical-scientific discourse of the second half of the nineteenth century in three different works from the Naturalism movement: O Homem (1887), by the Brazilian author Aluísio Azevedo; Sin Rumbo (1885), by the Argentinian Eugenio Cambacérès Alaias; Los pazos de Ulloa (1886), by the Galician author Emilia Pardo Bazán. My arrival at this topic -the human condition in medical-scientific discourse- developed from reading The Political Technology of Individuals (1982), where Michel Foucault affirmed that the art of governing people at the turn of the nineteenth century is based on the observation of the nature of governed subjects (149). Thus, my endeavor is to answer some of the questions raised by Foucault’s claim such as: how is the human subject portrayed in the medical-scientific discourse, and what status is it given? Hence, I begin my analysis with La Psychologie comme science naturelle: son présent & son avenir (1876), a theoretical text developed within the medical-scientific framework, and whose author Joseph Delboeuf was a member of the Nancy School, founded in 1882. This text was cited in La cuestión palpitante by Emilia Pardo Bazán, a work in which the notion of being is depicted as a split into two dimensions: the physical and the subjective. Many authors, like Charles Taylor in Source of the self. The making of the modern identity (1989), for example, have observed this historical and uniquely modern phenomenon, I attempt to focus on the consequences of this process of the division of human nature, such as the institutionalization of a diseased state of self, as well as the death of God and being, and finally, the restoration of Catholic tradition contra medical-scientific discourse. / Este trabalho problematiza a construção da natureza humana no discurso médico-científico da segunda metade do século XIX em quatro diferentes obras: O Homem (1887), do escritor brasileiro Aluísio Azevedo, Sin Rumbo (1885), do argentino Eugenio Cambaceres, La cuestión palpitante (1883) e Los pazos de Ulloa (1886), ambas da escritora espanhola Emilia Pardo Bazán. O tema em questão surgiu da leitura de The Political Technology of Individuals (1982), no qual Michel Foucault afirma que o fundamento da arte de governar, que surge no final do século XVIII, seria a observação da natureza daqueles que são governados (149). A partir desta sentença, procuramos responder algumas questões, por exemplo: como o discurso médico-científico tratou o indivíduo no nível da linguagem e qual passou a ser seu status. Nesse sentido, inciamos nosso trabalho com um texto teórico desenvolvido no âmbito das ciências médicas, de Joseph Delboeuf (1831-1896), membro da escola de Nancy fundada em 1882: La Psychologie comme science naturelle: son présent & son avenir (1876), citado por Emilia Pardo Bazán em La cuestión palpitante, no qual o ser é dividido em duas diferentes dimensões, a física e a subjetiva. Muitos autores, como Charles Taylor em Source of the self. The making of the modern identity, tem observado este histórico e singular fenômeno moderno. Entretanto, dedicamo-nos às consequências deste evento, como a instituição de uma natureza doentia do ser, a morte de Deus e a do próprio homem, bem como o resgate da tradição sagrada contra o discurso médico-científico. / text
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UTEXAS/oai:repositories.lib.utexas.edu:2152/20665 |
| Date | 08 July 2013 |
| Creators | Lima, Alexandre A. |
| Source Sets | University of Texas |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Format | application/pdf |
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