Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-06-09T16:27:04Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
ISABELE DA COSTA ANGELO.pdf: 4140152 bytes, checksum: bbd35489ea24b040be77df36cd797987 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T16:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ISABELE DA COSTA ANGELO.pdf: 4140152 bytes, checksum: bbd35489ea24b040be77df36cd797987 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The study evaluated the protein and lipid profiles of Rhipicephalus microplus engorged
females after infection by Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Fusarium
oxysporum. The treatments were immersion or inoculation of conidial suspension in R.
microplus. The hemolymph was collected 24 and 48 hours after treatment. The cell-free
hemolymph was separated of hemocytes by centrifugation and hemocytes resuspended in
phosphate buffer pH 7.2. The amount of total protein was determined in both fractions of
hemolymph and hemocytes were quantified. The cell-free hemolymph was filtered through a
100 kDa and 10 kDa membranes, and analyzed by electrophoresis and liquid chromatography
(HPLC). The proteome of cell-free hemolymph (treatment by injection) was evaluated by 2DPAGE.
Changes were observed in amount total protein and the amount of hemocytes, but no
difference was observed in the electrophoretic profile (1D-PAGE) of the cell-free
hemolymph. In haemocytes, the entomopathogens reduced the amount of serpins, while F.
oxysporum caused increased. In 2D-PAGE variations were observed in both expression and
presence/absence of protein between the groups. The cell-free hemolymph antimicrobial
activity was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and against the fungus
used in the treatment of engorged ticks. The hemolymph collected 48 hours after the
immersion treatment with B. bassiana apresented activity anti-B. bassiana with 48 hours of
evaluation. This hemolymph was subjected to Superose column to HPLC and peak was
collected and analyzed on the analytical column C18. The fractions were collected from the
C18 and its apresented activity anti-B. bassiana, but showed no activity against Candida
albicans. These fractions were analyzed by Maldi-Tof and most of them had in common an
ion with m/z 1,119.5; however, other ions may be involved with this activity antimicrobial.
The lipids present in cell-free hemolymph, in the hemocyte and fat body were extracted and
analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) or HPTLC for neutral lipids and phospholipids.
The classes of neutral lipids in the cell-free hemolymph were cholesterol ester, cholesterol
(CHO) and fatty acids (FA), which have varied depending on the fungus used, type of
treatment and observation time. Phospholipids found were phosphatidylcholine and
phosphatidylethanolamine, its were not significantly altered after the fungal infection. In
hemocytes, the same classes of lipids were found and B. bassiana modified phospholipids,
while M. anisopliae s.l. altered FA and CHO. The fat body showed, in addition to these
classes of neutral lipids, the triglycerides, which increased significantly 48 hours after
inoculation with M. anisopliae s.l. The lipase activity in fat body was measured and it was
demonstrated that increased activity 48 hours after inoculation, mainly in the group inoculated
with Metarhizium. Therefore, the results showed alterations related to the proteins expression
in the hemocytes and the cell-free hemolymph after inoculation with fungi,
immunosuppression of hemocytes and antimicrobial peptides induction after infection with B.
bassiana, besides changes in the lipid profile of R. microplus after infection. However, further
studies are necessary to understand these changes. / O trabalho avaliou os perfis prot?ico e lip?dico de f?meas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus
microplus ap?s infec??o com Metarhizium anisopliae s.l., Beauveria bassiana ou Fusarium
oxysporum. Os tratamentos foram imers?o ou inocula??o da suspens?o conidial em R.
microplus. A hemolinfa foi coletada 24 e 48 horas ap?s os tratamentos. O plasma foi separado
dos hem?citos por centrifuga??o e os hem?citos resuspensos em tamp?o fosfato pH 7,2. A
concentra??o de prote?na total foi determinada em ambas as fra??es da hemolinfa e os
hem?citos quantificados. O plasma da hemolinfa foi filtrado em membrana de 100 kDa e 10
kDa, sendo analisados por eletroforese e cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE). O
proteoma do plasma da hemolinfa (tratamento por inocula??o) foi avaliado por gel 2D. Foram
observadas varia??es na quantidade de prote?na total de ambas as fra??es da hemolinfa, na
quantidade de hem?citos bem como na intensidade de prote?nas/pept?deos expressos no
plasma da hemolinfa. Nos hem?citos, os entomopat?genos reduziram a quantidade de
serpinas, enquanto F. oxysporum causou aumento. No gel 2D foram observadas varia??es na
express?o bem como na aus?ncia/presen?a de prote?nas entre os grupos. O plasma da
hemolinfa teve sua atividade antimicrobiana testada contra Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus
aureus e contra o fungo utilizado no tratamento das f?meas ingurgitadas. A hemolinfa
coletada 48 horas ap?s o tratamento por imers?o com B. bassiana apresentou atividade anti-B.
bassiana com 48 horas de avalia??o. Esta hemolinfa foi submetida ? coluna Superose de
CLAE e o pico coletado analisado na coluna anal?tica C18. As fra??es coletadas da C18
apresentaram atividade anti-B. bassiana, por?m n?o apresentaram atividade contra Candida
albicans. Essas fra??es foram analisadas por Maldi-Tof e a maioria delas apresentou um ?on
com raz?o m/z 1.119,5; no entanto, outros ?ons podem estar envolvidos com essa atividade
antimicrobiana. Os lip?deos presentes no plasma da hemolinfa, nos hem?citos e no corpo
gorduroso foram extra?dos e analisados por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) ou
CCD de alta performance para lip?deos neutros e fosfolip?deos. As classes de lip?deos neutros
encontradas no plasma da hemolinfa foram colesterol-?ster, colesterol (CHO) e ?cidos graxos
(AG), que sofreram altera??es em fun??o do fungo utilizado, tipo de tratamento e tempo de
observa??o. Os fosfolip?deos encontrados foram fosfatidilcolina e fosfatidiletanolamina, que
n?o foram significativamente alterados ap?s a infec??o f?ngica. Nos hem?citos, as mesmas
classes de lip?deos foram encontradas e B. bassiana alterou os fosfolip?deos, enquanto M.
anisopliae s.l. alterou os AG e CHO. O corpo gorduroso apresentou, al?m destas classes de
lip?deos neutros, o triacilglicerol, que aumentou significativamente 48 horas ap?s a inocula??o
com M. anisopliae s.l. A atividade lipase no corpo gorduroso foi mensurada, sendo
evidenciado um aumento 48 horas ap?s a inocula??o, principalmente no grupo inoculado com
Metarhizium. Portanto, os resultados demonstraram altera??es na express?o de prote?nas no
plasma da hemolinfa e nos hem?citos ap?s inocula??o com os fungos, imunossupress?o dos
hem?citos, indu??o de pept?deos com atividade antimicrobiana ap?s infec??o com B.
bassiana, al?m de altera??es no perfil lip?dico de R. microplus ap?s infec??o. No entanto,
maiores estudos s?o necess?rios para o entendimento dessas altera??es.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1073 |
| Date | 03 March 2011 |
| Creators | Angelo, Isabele da Costa |
| Contributors | Bittencourt, V?nia Rita Elias Pinheiro, Chagas, Evelize Folly das, Chagas, Evelize Folly das, Fernandes, Everton Kort Kamp, Atella, Georgia Correa, Silva, M?rcia Regina Soares da, Oliveira, Pedro Lagerblad de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | ALVES, S.B. Controle Microbiano de Insetos. 2? ed. Piracicaba: FEALQ, 1998. 1163p. ANGELO, I.C. Avalia??o in vitro dos efeitos de Isaria farinosa, I. fumosorosea, Paecilomyces lilacinus e Lecanicillium lecanii sobre Boophilus microplus. Disserta??o de Mestrado. 37p, 2007. ANGELO, I.C.; FERNANDES, E.K.K.; BAHIENSE, T.C.; PERINOTTO, W.M.S.; MORAES, A.P.R.; TERRA, A.L.M.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P. Efficiency of Lecanicillium lecanii to control the tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Veterinary Parasitology, v.172, p.317- 322, 2010. ARMSTRONG, P.B. The contribution of proteinase inhibitors to immune defense. Trends in Immunology, v.22, p.47-52, 2001. ARRESE, E.L.; HOWARD, A.D.; PATEL, R.T.; RIMOLDI, O.J.; SOULAGES, J.L. Mobilization of lipid stores in Manduca sexta: cDNA cloning and developmental expression of fat body triglyceride lipase, TGL. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.40, p.91-99, 2010. ARRESE, E.L.; SOULAGES, J.L. Insect fat body: energy, metabolism, and regulation. Annual Review of Entomology, v.55, p.207-225, 2010. ASO, Y.; YAMASHITA, T.; MENO, K.; MURAKAMI, M. Inhibition of prophenoloxidaseactivating enzyme from Bombyx mori by endogenous chymotrypsin inhibitors. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International, v.33, p.751?758, 1994. ATHENSTAEDT, K.; DAUM, G. The life cycle of neutral lipids: synthesis, storage and degradation. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, v.63, p.1355-1369, 2006 AUERSWALD, L.; SIEGERT, K.J.; G?DE, G. Activation of triacylglycerol lipase in the fat body of a beetle by adipokinetic hormone. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.35, p.461-470, 2005. AZZOLINI, S.S.; SANTOS, J.M.C.; SOUZA, A.F.; TORQUATO, R.J.S.; HIRATA, I.Y.; ANDREOTTI, R.; TANAKA, A.S. Purification, characterization, and cloning of a serine proteinase inhibitor from the ectoparasite Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). Experimental Parasitology, v.106, n.3-4, p.103-109, 2004. BACH?RE, E.; GUEGUEN, Y.; GONZALEZ, M.; LORGERIL, J.; GARNIER, J.; ROMESTAND, B. Insights into the anti-microbial defense of marine invertebrates: the penaeid shrimps and the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Immunological Reviews, v.198, p.149? 168, 2004. BAHIENSE, T. C.; FERNANDES, ?. K. K.; ANGELO, I. C.; PERINOTTO, W. M. S. and BITTENCOURT, V. R. E. P. Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae and its combination with deltamethrin against a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus in a stall test. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v.1149, p.242-245, 2008. BALASHOV, Yu.S. 1983. An Atlas of Ixodid Tick Ultrastructure. In: Raikhel, A.S., Hoogstral, I.L. (Ed.), Springer, Lanham. 93 BANDSTRA, S.R.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology Research, v.99, p.414?418, 2006. BARBAULT, F.; LANDON, C.; GUENNEUGUES, M.; MEYER, J.P.; SCHOTT, V.; DIMARCQ, J.L.; VOVELLE, F. Solution structure of Alo-3: a new knottin-type antifungal peptide from the insect Acrocinus longimanus. Biochemistry, v.42, p.14434-14442, 2003. BARROS, T.A.M.; EVANS, D.E. A??o de gram?neas forrageiras em larvas infectantes do carrapato dos bovinos Boophilus microplus. Pesquisa Veterin?ria Brasileira, v.9, p.17-21, 1989. BEENAKKERS, A.M.T.; VAN DER HORST, D.J.; VANMARREWIJK, W.J.A. Insect flight metabolism. Insect Biochemistry, v.14, p.243-260, 1984. BEISSON, F.; TISS, A.; RIVI?RE, C.; VERGER, R. Methods for lipase detection and assay: a critical review. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, v.2, 133-153, 2000. BIDOCHKA, M.J.; SMALL, C.L.; SPIRONELLO, M. Recombination within sympatric cryptic species of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. Environmental Microbiology, v.7, p.1361-1368, 2005. BINNINGTON, K.C; OBENCHAIN, F.D. Structure and function of the circulatory, nervous, and neuroendocrine systems of ticks. In: Obenchain, F.D. and Galun R. (Eds) Physiology of Ticks. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982. BISCHOFF, J.F.; REHNER, S.A.; HUMBER, R.A. Metarhizium frigidum sp. nov.: a cryptic species of M. anisopliae and a member of the M. flavoviride complex. Mycologia, v.98, p.737-745, 2006. BISCHOFF, J.F.; REHNER, S.A.; HUMBER, R.A. A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage. Mycologia, v.101, p.512-530, 2009. BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P.; MASCARENHAS, A.G.; FACCINI, J.L.H. Mecanismo de infec??o do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae no carrapato Boophilus microplus em condi??es experimentais. Ci?ncia Rural, Santa Maria, v.29, n.2, p.351-354, 1999. BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P.; MASSARD, C.L.; LIMA, A.F. Din?mica da infec??o do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinikoff, 1879) Sorokin, 1883, sobre o carrapato Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887). Revista Universidade Rural ? S?rie Ci?ncias da Vida, v.17, p.83-88, 1995. BRASAEMLE, D.L. Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. The perilipin family of structural lipid droplet proteins: stabilization of lipid droplets and control of lipolysis. Journal of Lipid Research, v.48, p.2547-2559, 2007. BRAZ, G.R.C.; COELHO, H.S.L.; MASUDA, H.; OLIVEIRA, P.L. A missing metabolic pathway in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Current Biology, v.9, n.13, p.703-706, 1999. BROWNBRIDGE, M.; COSTA, S.; JARONSKI, S.T. Effects of in vitro passage of Beauveria bassiana on virulence to Bemisia argentifolii. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.77, p.280-283, 2001. BULET, P.; CHARLET, M.; HETRU, C. In Innate Immunity, (Ezekowitz, R.A.B. and Hoffmann, J.A., Eds.) pp. 89-107. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. 2003. BULET, P.; HETRU, C.; DIMARQ, J.L.; HOFFMANN, D. Antimicrobial peptides in insects; structure and function. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v.23, p.329?344, 1999. 94 BULET, P.; STOCKLIN, R. Insect antimicrobial peptides: structure, properties and gene regulation. Protein and Peptide Letters, v.12, p.3-11, 2005. CABRAL, G.A. Lipids as bioeffectors in the immune system. Life Sciences, v.77, p.1699? 1710, 2005. CANAVOSO, L. E.; JOUNI, Z.E.; KARNAS, K.J. PENNINGTON, J.E.; WELLS, M.A. Fat metabolism in insects. Annual Review of Nutrition, v.21, p.23-46, 2001. CASTRILLO, L.A.; ROBERTS, D.W.; VANDENBERG, J.D. The fungal past, present, and future: germination, ramification, and reproduction. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.89, p.46-56, 2005. CASTRO-OCHOA, L.D.; RODRIGUEZ-G?MEZ, C.; VALERIO-ALFARO, G.; ROS, R.O. Screening, purification and characterization of the thermoalkalophilic lipase produced by Bacillus thermoleovorans CCR11. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, v.37, p.648-654, 2005. CERAUL, S.M.; DREHER-LESNICK, S.M.; GILLESPIE, J.J.; RAHMAN, M.S.; AZAD, A.F. New tick defensin isoform and antimicrobial gene expression in response to Rickettsia montanensis challenge. Infection and Immunity, v.75, p.1973?1983, 2007. CHANDLER, D.; DAVIDSON, G.; PELL, J.K.; BALL, B.V.; SHAW, K.; SUNDERLAND, K.D. Fungal biocontrol of acari. Biocontrol Science and Technology, v.10, p.357-384, 2000. CHENG, T.C.; RODRICH, G.E.; FOLEY, D.A.; KOEHLER, S.A. Release of lysozyme from hemolymph cells of Mercenaria mercenaria during phagocytosis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.25, p.261-265, 1979. CHEON, H.M.; SHIN, S.W.; BIAN, G.; PARK, J.H.; RAIKHEL, A.S. Regulation of lipid metabolism genes, lipid carrier protein lipophorin, and its receptor during immune challenge in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.281, p.8426-8435, 2006. CHINZEI, Y.; CHINO, H.; TAKAHASHI, K. Purification and properties of vitellogenin and vitellin from a tick, Ornithodoros moubata. Journal of Comparative Physiology, v.152B, p.13-21, 1983. CHOI, S.; HWANG, J.M.; KIM, S.I. A Colorimetric Microplate Assay Method for High Throughput Analysis of Lipase Activity. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.36,p.417-420, 2003. CLARKSON, J.M.; CHARNLEY, A.K. New insights into mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis in insects. Trends Microbiology, v.4, n.5, p.197-203, 1996. COCIANCICH, S.; BULET, P.; HETRU, C.; HOFFMAN, J.A. The inducible antibacterial peptides of insects. Parasitology Today, v.10, p.132-138, 1994. COOP, R.L.; HOLMES, P.H. Nutrition and parasite interactions. International Journal for Parasitology, v.26, p.951-962, 1996. CRUZ, C.E.; FOGA?A, A.C.; NAKAYASU, E.S.; ANGELI, C.B.; BELMONTE, R.; ALMEIDA, I.C.; MIRANDA, A.; MIRANDA, M.T.M.; TANAKA, A.S.; BRAZ, G.R.; CRAIK, C.S.; SCHNEIDER, E.; CAFFREY, C.R.; DAFFRE, S. Characterization of proteinases from the midgut of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus involved in the generation of antimicrobial peptides. Parasites and Vectors, v.3, n.63, 2010. DA-SILVA VAZ, I.; MARTINEZ, R.H.M.; OLIVEIRA, A.; HECK, A.; LOGULLO, C.; GONZALES, J.C.; DEWES, H.; MASUDA A. Functional bovine immunoglobulins in Boophilus microplus hemolymph. Veterinary Parasitology, 62, 155-160, 1996. 95 DAVIS, B.J. Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, v.121, p.404-27, 1964. DE FARIA, M.R.; WRAIGHT, S.P. Mycoinsecticides and mycoacaricides: a comprehensive list with worldwide coverage and international classification of formulation types. Biological Control, v.43, p.237-256, 2007. DE GREGORIO, E.; SPELLMAN, P.T.; RUBIN, G.M.; LEMAITRE, B. Genome-wide analysis of the Drosophila immune response by using oligonucleotide microarrays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA, v.98, p.12590-12595, 2001. DENARDI, S.E., BECHARA, G.H., CAMARGO-MATHIAS, M.I. New morphological data on fat bodies of semi-engorged females of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae). Micron, v.36, n.7, p.875-883, 2008. DENARDI, S.E.; BECHARA, G.H.; CAMARGO-MATHIAS, M.I. Fat body cells of Amblyomma cajennense partially engorged females (Acari: Ixodidae) and their role on vitellogenesis process. Experimental Parasitology, v.121, p.213?218, 2009. DENARDI, S.E.; BECHARA, G.H.; OLIVEIRA, P.R.; NUNES, E.T.; SAITO, K.C.; CAMARGO-MATHIAS, M.I. Morphological characterization of the ovary and vitellogenesis dynamics in the tick Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae). Veterinary Parasitology, v.125, p.379?395, 2004. DUMAS, C.; MATHA, V.; QUIOT, J.M.; VEY, A. Effects of destruxins, cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins, on calcium balance and phosphorylation of intracellular proteins in lepidopteran cell lines. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology ? Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology, v.114, p.213?219, 1996. EGGENBERGER, L.R.; LAMORREAUX, W.J.; COONS, L.B. Hemocytic encapsulation of implants in the tick, Dermacentor variabilis. Experimental and Applied Acarology, v.9, p.279-287, 1990. ELEFTHERIANOS, I.; MAROKHAZI, J.; MILLICHAP, P.J.; HODGKINSON, A.J.; SRIBOONLERT, A.; FFRENCH-CONSTANT, R.H.; REYNOLDS, S.E. Prior infection of Manduca sexta with non-pathogenic Escherichia coli elicits immunity to pathogenic Photorhabdus luminescens: roles of immune-related proteins shown by RNA interference. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.36, n.6, p.517?525, 2006. ESTEVES, E.; FOGA?A, A.C.; MALDONADO, R.; SILVA, F.D; MANSO, P.P.; PELAJOMACHADO, M.; VALLE, D.; DAFFRE, S. Antimicrobial activity in the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus eggs: Cellular localization and temporal expression of microplusin during oogenesis and embryogenesis. Development and Comparative Immunology, v.33, n.8, p.913-919, 2009. FAHMY, A.S.; ABDEL-GANY, S.S.; MOHAMED, T.M.; MOHAMED, S.A. Esterase and lipase in camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii (Acari: Ixodidae) during embryogenesis Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B, v.137, p.159?168, 2004. FARGUES, J.; GOETEL, M.S.; SMITS, N.; OUEDRAOGO, A.; VIDAL, C.; LACEY, L.A.; LOMER, C.J.; ROUGIER, M. Variability in susceptibility to simulated sunlight of conidia among isolates of entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes. Mycopathologia, v.135, p.171?181, 1996. FARGUES, J.F.; ROBERT, P.H. Effects of passing through scarabeid hosts on virulence and host specificity of two strains of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete Metarhizium anisopliae. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, v.29, p.576-583, 1983. 96 FEHLBAUM, P.; BULET, P.; MICHAUT, L.; LAGUEUX, M.; BROEKAERT, W. F.; HETRU, C.; HOFFMANNH, J.A. Insect Immunity: Septic injury of Drosophila induces the synthesis of a potent antifungal peptide with sequence homology to plant antifungal peptides. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.269, n.52, p.3359-63, 1994. FERNANDES, E.K.K.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P. Entomopathogenic fungi against South American tick species. Experimental and Applied Acarology, v.46. p.71-93, 2008. FERNANDES, ?.K.K.; COSTA, G.L.; MORAES, A.M.L.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P. Entomopathogenic potential of Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from engorged females and tested in eggs and larvae of Boophilus microplus. Journal of Basic Microbiology, v.44, p.270-274, 2004. FERNANDES, ?.K.K.; KEYSER, C.A.; CHONG, J.P.; RANGEL, D.E.N.; MILLER, M.P.; ROBERTS, D.W. Characterization of Metarhizium species and varieties based on molecular analysis, heat tolerance and cold activity. Journal of Applied Microbiology, v.108, p.115-128, 2010. FERRON, P.; FARGUES,J.; RIBA, G. Fungi as microbial insecticides against pests. In: Adora D.K., Ajello L. e Mujerjii K.G. Handbook of Applied Mycology. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991. FOGA?A, A.C.; ALMEIDA, I.C.; EBERLIN, M.N.; TANAKA, A.S.; BULET, P.; DAFFRE. Ixodidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the hemocytes of the catle tick Boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases. Peptides, v.27, p.667-674, 2006. FOGA?A, A.C.; LORENZINI, D.M.; KAKU, L.M.; ESTEVES, E.; BULET, P.; DAFFRE, S. Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus: isolation, structural characterization and tissue expression profile. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v.28, p.191?200, 2004. FOGA?A, A.C.; SILVA JR, P.I.; MIRANDA, M.T.M.; BIANCHI, A.G.; MIRANDA, A.; RIBOLLA, P.E.M.; DAFFRE, S. Antimicrobial Activity of a Bovine Hemoglobin Fragment in the Tick Boophilus microplus. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.274, n.36, 1999. FRAZZON, A.P.G.; JUNIOR, I.S.V.; MASUDA, A.; SCHRANK, A.; VAINSTEIN, M.H. In vitro assessment of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Veterinary Parasitology, v.94, p.117-125, 2000. FURLONG, J. Controle do carrapato dos bovinos na regi?o Sudeste do Brasil. Caderno T?cnico da Escola Veterin?ria UFMG, n.8, p.49-61, 1993. FURLONG, J.; MARTINS, J.R.S.; PRATA, M.C.A. Controle estrat?gico do carrapato dos bovinos. A Hora Veterin?ria, ano 23, n.137, 2004. G?DE, G.; AUERSWALD, L.; MARCO, H.G. Flight fuel and neuropeptidergic control of fuel mobilisation in the twig wilter, Holopterna alata (Hemiptera, Coreidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, v.52, p.1171-81, 2006. GAMS, W.; ROZSYPAL,J. Metarhizium flavoviride n. sp. isolated from insects and soil. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, v.2, p.518-521, 1973. GILBERT, L.I.; CHINO, H. Transport of lipids in insects. Journal of Lipid Research, v.15, p.439-456, 1974. GILLESPIE, J.P.; KANOST, M.R.; TRENCZEK, T. Biological mediators of insect immunity. Annual Review of Entomology, v.42, p.611-643, 1997. 97 GINDIN, G.; SAMISH, M.; ALEKSEEV, E.; GLAZER, I. The Susceptibility of Boophilus annulatus (Ixodidae) Ticks to Entomopathogenic Fungi. Biocontrol Science and Technology, v.11, p.111-118, 2001. GOBERT, V.; GOTTAR, M.; MATSKEVICH, A.A.; RUTSCHMANN, S.; ROYET, J.; BELVIN, M.; HOFFMANN, J.A.; FERRANDON, D. Dual activation of the Drosophila Toll pathway by two pattern recognition receptors. Science, v.302, p.2126-2130, 2003. GOLODNE, D.M.; MONTEIRO, R.Q.; GRA?A-SOUZA, A.V.; SILVA-NETO, M.A.C.; ATELLA, G.C. Lysophosphatidylcholine acts as na anti-hemostatic molecule in the saliva of the blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus. Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.278, n.30, p.2766-2771, 2003. GONDIM, K.C.; OLIVEIRA, P.L.; COELHO, H.S.L.; MASUDA, H. Lipophorin from Rhodnius prolixus: purification and partial characterization. Insect Biochemistry, v.19, p.153-161, 1989. GONZALES, J. C. O controle do carrapato dos bovinos. Porto Alegre: Sulina, 1975. 103p. GONZALES, J.C. O carrapato do boi: vida, resist?ncia e controle. S?o Paulo: Mestre Jou, 1974. 101p. GONZ?LES, J.C. O carrapato dos bovinos Boophilus microplus (Can. 1887) (Revis?o hist?rica e conceitual). A Hora Veterin?ria, ano 21, n.125, p.23-28, 2002 GORMAN, M.J.; PASKEWITZ, S.M. Serine proteases as mediators of mosquito immune responses. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.31, p.257?62, 2001. GOTTAR, M.; GOBERT, V.; MATSKEVICH, A.; REICHHART, J.M.,; WANG, C.; BUTT, T.M.; BELVIN, M.; HOFFMANN, J.A.; FERRANDON, D. Dual detection of fungal infections in Drosophila by recognition of glucans and sensing of virulence factors. Cell, v.127, p.1425-1437, 2006. GRISI, L.; MASSARD, C.L.; BORJA, G.E.M.; PEREIRA, J.B. Impacto econ?mico das principais ectoparasitoses em bovinos no Brasil. A Hora Veterin?ria, ano 21, n.125, p.23-28, 2002. GRUBHOFFER, L.; VERES, J.; DUSBABEK, F. Lectins as the molecular factors of recognition and defense reactions of ticks. In: Dusbabek, F., Bukva, V. (Eds.), Modern Acarology, 2. Academia, Prag, p.381-388, 1991. GUDDERRA, N.P.; NEESE, P.A.; SONENSHINE, D.E.; APPERSON, C.S.; ROE, R.M. Developmental profile, isolation, and biochemical characterization of a novel lipoglycohemecarrier protein from the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari:Ixodidae) and observations on a similar protein in the soft tick, Ornithodoros parkeri (Acari:Argasidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.31, p.299-311, 2001. GUDDERRA, N.P.; SONENSHINE, D.E.; APPERSON, C.S.; ROE, R.M. Hemolymph proteins in ticks. Journal of Insect Physiology, v.48, p.269-278, 2002a. GUDDERRA, N.P.; SONENSHINE, D.E.; APPERSON, C.S.; ROE, R.M. Tissue distribuition and characterization of predominant hemolymph carrier proteins from Dermacentor variabilis and Ornithodoros parkeri. Journal of Insect Physiology, v.48, p.19- 29, 2002b. GUIMAR?ES, A.M.; LIMA, J.D.; RIBEIRO, M.F.B. Sporogony and experimental transmission of Babesia equi by Boophilus microplus. Parasitology Research, v.84, p.323- 327, 1998 98 HANCOCK, R.E.W.; BROWN, K.L.; MOOKHERJEE, N. Host defence peptides from invertebrates ? emerging antimicrobial strategies. Immunobiology, v.211, p.315-322, 2006. HANCOCK, R.E.W.; LEHRER, R. Cationic peptides: a new source of antibiotics. Trends in Biotechnology, v.16, p.82?88, 1998. HANCOCK, R.E.W.; SCOTT, M.G. The role of antimicrobial peptides in animal defenses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v.97, p.8856-8861, 2000. HAWKSWORTH, D.L. Micologist?s handbook. 2?ed. England, Kew Surrey: CAB Press, 1977. 231p HAWKSWORTH, D.L.; KIRK, P.M.; SUTTON, B.C.; PEGLER, D.N. ( Ainsworth and Bisby?s) Dictionary of the Fungi, 8?ed. , CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 616p., 1995. HETRU, C.; HOFFMAN, D.; BULET, P. Antimicrobial peptides from insects. In: Brey, P.T., Hultmark, D. (Eds.), Molecular mechanisms of immune responses in insects. Chapman and Hall, New York, 1998. HEUCHERT, C.M.; DE, G.V.JR.; DE ATHAIDE, D.F.; BOSE, R.; FRIEDHOFF, K.T. Seroepidemiologic studies on Babesia equi and Babesia caballi infections in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, v.85, p.1-11, 1999. HOFFMANN, J.A. The immune response of Drosophila. Nature, v.426, p.33-38, 2003. HOFFMANN, J.A.; KATATOS, F.C.; JANEWAY, C.A.JR.; EZEKOWITZ, R.A.B. Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science, v.284, p.1313-1318, 1999. HOFFMANN, J.A.; REICHHART, J.M. Drosophila innate immunity: an evolutionary perspective. Nature Immunology, v.3, n.2, 2002. HORN, S.C.; ARTECHE, C.C.P. Situa??o parasit?ria da pecu?ria no Brasil. A Hora Veterin?ria, v.4, p.12-32, 1985. HORWITZ, J.; PERLMAN, R.L. Measurement of inositol phospholipid-metabolism in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Methods in Enzymology, v.141, p.169-175, 1987. HU, Q.B.; REN, S.X.; WU, J.H.; CHANG, J.M.; MUSA, P.D. Investigation of destruxin A and B from 80 Metarhizium strains in China, and the optimization of cultural conditions for the strain MaQ10. Toxicon, v.48, p.491-498, 2006. HUNT, D.W.A. Absence of fatty acid germination inhibitors for conidia of Beauveria bassiana on the integument of the bark beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, v.118, p.837-838, 1986. IWANAGA S. The molecular basis of innate immunity in the horseshoe crab. Current Opinion in Immunology, v.14, p.87?95, 2002. IWANAGA, S.; LEE, B.L. Recent advances in the innate immunity of invertebrates animals. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.38, p.128-150, 2005. JAEGER, K.E.; EGGERT, T. Lipases for biotechnology. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, v.13, p.390?397, 2002. JAMES, A.M.; OLIVER, J.H. Vitellogenesis and its hormonal regulation in Ixodida: preliminary results. In: Needhan, G.R., Mitchell, R., Horn, D.J., Welbourn, W.C. (Eds), Acarology IX, v.2. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, Ohio, 1999. JIANG, H.; KANOST, M.R. The clip-domain family of serine proteinases in arthropods. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.30, p.95-105, 2000. 99 JOHNS, R.; OHNISHI, J.; BROADWATER, A.; SONENSHINE, D.E.; DE SILVA, A.M.; HYNES, W.L. Contrasts in tick innate immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi challenge: immunotolerance in Ixodes scapularis versus immunocompetence in Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 38:99?107, 2001a. JOHNS, R.; SONENSHINE, D. E.; HYNES, W. L Control of bacterial infections in the hard tick Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae): evidence for the existence of antimicrobial proteins in tick hemolymph. Journal of Medical Entomology, v. 35, n.4, p. 458-464, 1998. JOHNS, R.; SONENSHINE, D.E.; HYNES, W.L. Identification of a defensin from the hemolymph of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis. Insect Biochemistry and Moecular Biology, v.31, p.857?865, 2001b. JURETIC, D.; VUKICEVIC, D.; ILIC, N.; ANTCHEVA, N.; TOSSI, A. Computational design of highly selective antimicrobial peptides. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, v.49, p.2873?2882, 2009. KABARA, J.J.; SWIECZKOWSKI, D.M.; CONLEY, A.J.; TRUANT, J.P. Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, v.2, n.1, p.23-28, 1972. KADOTA, K.; SATOH, E.; OCHIAI, M.; INOUE, N.; TSUJI, N.; IGARASHI, I.; NAGASAWA, N.; MIKAMI, T.; CLAVERIA, F.G.; FUJISAKI, K. Existence of phenol oxidase in the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata. Parasitology Research, v.88, p.78-784, 2002. KANOST, M.R. Serine proteinase inhibitors in arthropod immunity. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v.23, p.291-301, 1999. KANOST, M.R.; JIANG, H.; Yu, X.Q. Innate immune responses of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta. Immunological Reviews, v.198, p.97?105, 2004. KAUFMAN, W.R.; PHILLIPS, J.E. Ion and water balance in the ixodid tick, Dermacetor andersoni. I. Routes of ion and water excretion. Journal of Experimental Biology, 58, p.523-536, 1973. KAWOOYA, J. K.; LAW, J.H. Role of lipophorin in lipid transport to insect egg. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.263, p.8748-8753, 1988. KEELEY, L.L. Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Physiology and biochemistry of the fat body. In: Kerkut, G.A. and Gilbert, L.I. (Eds) 1985 v.3. Integument, Respiration and Circulation. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1985. KLAUDINY, J.; ALBERT, S.; BACHANOVA, K.; KOPERNICKY, J.; SIMUTH, J. Two structurally different defensin genes, one of them encoding a novel defensin isoform, are expressed in honeybee Apis mellifera. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.35, p.11-22, 2005. KONGSUWAN, K.; JOSH, P.; ZHU, Y.; PEARSON, R.; GOUGH, J.; COLGRAVE, M.L. Exploring the midgut proteome of partially fed female cattle tick (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus). Journal of Insect Physiology, v.56, p.212-226, 2010. KOPACEK, P.; WEISE, C.; SARAVANAN, T.; VITOVA, K.; GRUBHOFFER, L. Characterization of an -macroglobulin-like glycoprotein isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. European Journal of Biochemistry, v.267, p.465-475, 2000. 100 KOVAR, V.; KOPACEK, P.; GRUBHOFFER, L. Characterization of an -macroglobulinlike glycoprotein isolated from the plasma of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata. European Journal of Biochemistry, v.267, p.465-475, 2000. KUHN, K.H.; HAUG, T. Ultrastructure, cytochemical and immunocytochemical characterization of hemocytes of the hard tich Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Chelicerata). Cell and Tissue Research, v.277, p.493-504, 1994. KUROOKA, S.; OKAMOTO, S.; HASHIMOTO, M. A novel and simple colorimetric assay for human serum lipase. The Journal of Biochemistry, v.81, p.361-369, 1977. LAEMMLI, U.K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, v.227, p.680?685, 1970. LAMBERTY, M.; ZACHARY, D.; LANOT, R.; BORDEREAU, C.; ROBERT, A.; HOFFMANN, J.A.; BULET, P. Constitutive expression of a cysteine-rich antifungal and a linear antibacterial peptide in a termite insect. Journal Biological Chemistry, v.276, p.4085- 4092, 2001. LAMPROU, I.; MAMALI, I.; DALLAS, K.; FERTAKIS, V.; LAMPROPOULOU, M.; MARMARAS, V.J. Distinct signalling pathways promote phagocytosis of bacteria, latex beads and lipopolysaccharide in medfly haemocytes. Immunology, v.121, n.3, p.314-327, 2007. LAVINE, M.D.; STRAND, M.R. Haemocytes from Pseudomonas includens express multiple and integrin subunits. Insect Molecular Biology, v.12, n.5, p.441-452, 2003. LEE, H.; KWON, H.M.; PARK, J.W.; KUROKAWA, K.; LEE, B.L. N-terminal GNBP homology domain of Gram-negative binding protein 3 functions as a beta-1,3-glucan binding motif in Tenebrio molitor. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Reports, v.42, p.506-510, 2009. LEMAITRE, B. The road to Toll. Nature Reviews Immunology, v.4, p.521?527, 2004. LEMAITRE, B.; HOFFMANN, J. The host defense of Drosophila melanogaster Annual Review of Immunology, v.25, p.697?743, 2007. LEMAITRE, B.; REICHHART, J.; HOFFMANN, J. Drosophila host defense: differential induction of antimicrobial peptide genes after infection by various classes of microorganisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. USA, v.94, p.14614-14619, 1997. LEVASHINA, E.A. Innate immune response of Anopheles gambiae. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.34, p.673-678, 2004. LEVASHINA, E.A.; LANGLEY, E.; GREEN, C.; GUBB, D.; ASHBURNER, M.; HOFFMANN, J.A.; REICHHART, J.M. Constitutive activation of toll mediated antifungal defense in serpin-deficient Drosophila. Science, v.285, p.1917-1919, 1999. LEVY, F.; BULET, P.; EHRET-SABATIER, L. Proteomic analysis of the systemic immune response of Drosophila. Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, v.3, p.156-166, 2004. LIMA, C.A.; TORQUATO, R.J.S.; SASAKI, S.D.; JUSTO, G.Z.; TANAKA, A.S. Biochemical characterization of a Kunitz type inhibitor similar to dendrotoxins produced by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) hemocytes. Veterinary Parasitology, v.167, p.279-287, 2010. LOHNER, K. The role of membrane lipid composition in cell targeting of antimicrobial peptides. Development of novel antimicrobial agents: emerging strategies. Lohner, K. (ed), Horizon Scientific Press, England, p.149-165, 2001. 101 LOMER, C.J.; BATEMAN, R.P.; JOHNSON, D.L.; LANGEWALD, J.; THOMAS, M. Biological control of locusts and grasshoppers. Annual Review of Entomology, v.46, p.667- 702, 2001. LOPES, R.B.; ALVES, S.B.; PADULLA, L.F.L.; P?REZ, C.A. Efici?ncia de formula??es de Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae para o controle de ninfas de Amblyomma cajennense (FABRICIUS, 1787). Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterin?ria, v.16, p.27?31, 2007. LOWENBERGER, C.; BULET, P.; CHARLET, M.; HETRU, C.; HODGEMAN, B.; CHRISTENSEN, B.M.; HOFFMAN, J.A. Insect immunity: isolation of three novel inducible antimicrobial defensins from the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypt. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.25, p.867-873, 1995. LU, Y.; LU, F.; WANG, X.; BIE, X.; SUN, H.; WUYUNDALAI,; LU, Z. Identification of bacteria producing a thermophilic lipase with positional non-specificity and characterization of the lipase. Annals of Microbiology, v.59, n.3, p.565-571, 2009. LUBECK, I.; ARRUDA, W.; SOUZA, B.K.; STANIS?UASKI, F.; CARLINI, C.R.; SCHRANK, A.; VAINSTEIN, M.H. Evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae strains as potential biocontrol agents of the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and the cotton stainer Dysdercus peruvianus. Fungal Ecology, v.1, p.78-88, 2008. LUO, T.; ZHANG, X.; SHAO, Z.; XU, X. PmAV, a novel gene involved in virus resistance of shrimp Penaeus monodon. FEBS Letters, v.551, p.53-57, 2003. LUZ, C.; TIGANO, M.S.; SILVA, I.G.; CORDEIRO, C.M.T.; ALJANABI, S.M. Selection of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates to control Triatoma infestans. Mem?rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.93, n.6, p.839-846, 1998. MANZANO-ROMAN, R.; ALMAZ?N, C.; NARANJO, V.; BLOUIN, E.F.; KOCAN, K.M.; DE LA FUENTE, J. Expression of perilipin in human promyelocytic cells in response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection results in modified lipid metabolism. Journal of Medical Microbiology, v.57,p.159-163, 2008. MARKWELL, M.A.K.; HAAS, S.M.; BIEBER, L.L.; TOLBERT, N.E. A modification of the Lowry procedure to simplify protein determination in membrane and lipoprotein samples. Analitical Biochemistry, v.87, p.206?210, 1978. MARMARAS. V.J.; LAMPROPOULOU, M. Regulators and signalling in insect haemocyte immunity. Cellular Signalling, v.21, p.186-195, 2009. MARTIN, H.S.; TIMOTHY, S.; MANICKAM, S.; KENNETH, S.; JOHN, H.L. Proenzyme of Manduca sexta phenoloxidase: purification, activation, substrate specificity of the active enzyme, and molecular cloning. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, USA, v.92, p.7764-7768, 1995. MAYA-MONTEIRO, C.M.; DAFFRE, S.; LOGULLO, C.; LARA, F.A.; ALVES, E.W.; CAPURRO, M.L.; ZINGALI, R.; ALMEIDA, I.C.; OLIVEIRA, P.L. HeLp, a Heme Lipoprotein from the hemolymph of the catlle tick, Boophilus microplus. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, v.275, n.47, p.36584-36589, 2000. MEDZHITOV, R.; JANEWAY, J.C.A. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science, v.296, p.298-300, 2002. METCHNIKOFF, E. Diseases of the larva of the grain weevil. Insects harmful to agriculture. Odessa, UA: Odessa Zemstvo Office (in Russian), 1879. 102 MICHEL, K.; KAFATOS, F.C. Mosquito immunity against Plasmodium. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.35, p.677?689, 2005. MICHEL, T.; REICHHART, J.M.; HOFFMANN, J.A.; ROYET, J. Drosophila Toll is activated by Gram-positive bacteria through a circulating peptidoglycan recognition protein. Nature, v.414, p.756-759, 2001. MONTEIRO, S.G.; BAHIENSE, T.C.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P. A??o do fungo Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, 1912 sobre a fase parasit?ria do carrapato Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) Schulze, 1937 (Acari: Ixodidae). Ci?ncia Rural, Santa Maria, v.33, p.559- 563, 2003. MOOKHERJEE, N.; HANCOCK, R.E. Cationic host defence peptides: innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, v.64, n.7-8, p.922-933, 2007. MORET, Y.; SCHMIDT-HEMPEL, P. Survival for immunity: the price of immune system activation for bumblebee workers. Science, v.290, p.1166-1198, 2000. MULLER, E.E.; FRIED, D.; SHERMA, J. HPTLC analysis of neutral lipids in Biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda). Journal of Planar Chromatography - Modern TLC, v.13, p.228?231, 2000. MULLER, U.; VOGEL, P.; ALBER, G.; SCHAUB, G. The Innate Immune System of Mammals and Insects. Egesten A, Schmidt A, Herwald H (eds): Trends in Innate Immunity. Contrib Microbiol. Basel, Karger, v.15, p.21-44, 2008. NAKAJIMA, Y.; VAN DER GOES VAN NATERS-YASUI, A.; TAYLOR, D.; YAMAKAWA, M. Two isoforms of a member of the arthropod defensin family from the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata (Acari:Argasidae). Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, v.31, p.747?751, 2001. NAKAJIMA, Y.; VAN DER GOES VAN NATERS-YASUI, A.; TAYLOR, D.; YAMAKAWA, M. A |
Page generated in 0.0159 seconds