廣播電視是人民表達思想與言論之重要媒體，具有反映公意，強化民主，啟迪新知，促進文化、道德、經濟等各方面之發展功能，並負有形成公共意見之社會責任。以廣播電視方式表達言論之自由，國家固應予以保障。惟基於權利不得濫用之法理，如有藉傳播媒體妨害善良風俗、破壞社會安寧、危害國家利益或侵害他人權利等情形者，國家亦得依法予以限制。（司法院釋字第364號解釋參照）
對於欲經營衛星廣播電視事業者，衛星廣播電視法係採許可方式以為管制，賦予主管機關得遂行事前審查之機制，以確保進入市場之經營者，能提供真實正確且未被操控之資訊、意見及娛樂，並促進人民對政府及公共事務之關心，進而引起公眾討論，善盡其增進人民知之權利及監督政府施政等公共責任。主管機關於遂行事前管制之相關作為時，應受到法治國原則之制約，依法行政則是最基本之要求，其他諸如平等原則、比例原則、以及行政法上一般原理原則等，亦應確實遵守。在行政決定之程序上，應符合形式及實質之正當性，以維護人民權益。
經營許可之法律管制規範內容，對於人民之基本權利，諸如言論自由、營業自由、財產權等影響甚為重大。本文擬透過學理及實務之見解，探討衛星廣播電視法律管制之規範內容，並以經營許可為本文研究重心。有關衛星廣播電視之行政爭訟，主要原因是行政處分之違法或不當所致。因此，本文擬從衛星廣播電視事業提起訴願及行政訴訟之案件中，挑選幾件較具代表性之個案，以為探討分析。
關鍵詞：衛星廣播電視、經營許可、行政爭訟 / Broadcasts is important media which enable people to state their ideas and commentary, thereby allowing public opinion to be expressed. By providing the platform for people to express themselves these media play crucial roles in terms of reinforcing democracy, advancing knowledge, and promoting cultural, moral and economic development. At the same time, broadcasting, with all their influential power, should take a certain social responsibility. The freedom of speech through these media is protected under the legal system. However, in order to prevent these media from abusing their privilege the state should restrain their freedom according to related laws and regulations if they spread immoral materials, disturb the public, endanger the state, or infringe upon the rights of others.（Reference：No.364. Justices of the Constitutional Court, Judicial Yuan.）
The satellite broadcasting industry is regulated by the Satellite Broadcasting Act. The Act ensures that the operators provide truthful information, opinion and entertainment by enacting laws of operation permit, requiring standardized applications from the operators which will be evaluated by specialized regulatory agency. This Act can also enhance citizens’ care for the government and public affair, serving as the informer which triggers public discussion and therefore promote people’s right to know and to supervise the government and its policies. The regulatory agency should follow the law when they conduct the regulation ex ante. In addition to acting upon the principle of administration according to law, the regulatory agency should also follow other codes such as the egalitarianism, proportionality. The procedure should be justice in letter and in spirit so as to protect people’s right.
The operation permit is very important in terms of protecting people’s fundamental rights such as the freedom of speech, freedom of business operations, and property right. Focusing on the regulations of operation permit, this research proposes to discuss the contents of the satellite broadcasting law from both theoretical and practical approaches. It is worth noticing that most of the administrative petition and administrative litigations are caused by illegal or inappropriate administrative sanctions. Therefore in this paper I will try to analyze the most representative cases.
Keywords: Satellite broadcasting, Operation permit, Administrative petition and administrative litigation.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0095961206 |
| Creators | 鄭榮彥 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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