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Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) is in high demand world-wide, and is one of Brazil’s
most highly valued forestry species. Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale Cav. ex. Lamb.) also has
broad usage and great market potential owing to extremely rapid growth rates. Rather than
harvesting these increasingly rare timber species from native forests, high density commercial
plantings have been established. However, there is little information concerning the nutritional
requirements of both species, especially regarding the response to soil phosphorous (P).
Phosphorous is expensive in Brazil and over use is associated with adverse environmental
consequences. In this study, we examined the effects of four levels of P fertilization (0, 1, 10
and 100 kg ha-1) on biometric and physiological parameters of mahogany and balsa wood
seedlings grown in the greenhouse. The response to P was markedly different for the two
species. For mahogany, seedling height, seedling diameter, leaf area, leaf weight, stem dry
weight, and total dry weight increased at the 100 kg/ha-1 P level. The greatest increase (3- to 5-
fold) occurred for leaf area and leaf weight, whereas root dry mass was not influenced by P.
Similarly, %N and %P (but not %C) in leaf, stem and root tissue increased with increasing P
level, but increased drastically at the 100 kg/ha-1 P treatment. The divalent cations (Ca and Mg)
increased in foliar tissue, yet the concentrations of organic acids in xylem fluid declined with
increasing P. Leaf macro- and micro-nutrients concentrations were influenced by P treatments,
with the exception of Zn and Fe. Leaf, stem and root P utilization efficiency was highest at the
0, 1 or 10 level. Root phosphatase activity was unaffected by P level. By contrast, balsa
responded greatly to increasing P concentration, although the most dramatic increase was at
100 kg/ha-1. For example, there was a 9-, 4-, 66-, 25-, 65-, 25- and 32-fold increase for seedling
height, seedling diameter, leaf area, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass, root dry mass, and total dry
mass, respectively, for the 0 compared to the 100 kg/ha-1 treatment. Leaf, stem and root %N
decreased and %P increased with increasing P levels. Macro and micro nutrient levels wereinfluenced by P treatment, with the exception of Mn. The concentrations of organic acids in
xylem fluid were altered by P fertilization; and malic, succinic, and lactic acids were highest at
the 100 kg/ha-1 treatment. Leaf, stem and root P utilization efficiency increased greatly with
increasing P level; however, root phosphatase activity decreased with increasing P levels. The
implications of these physiologic data are discussed in relation to management strategies for
the culture of mahogany and balsa. / Plantios comerciais de mogno e pau-de-balsa, com maiores relações custo/benefício,
podem alavancar o mercado de madeira de espécies nativas, tanto interno quanto externo.
Mogno e pau-de-balsa estãoentre as mais valiosas espécies de madeira com diversos usos, sendo
ambas economicamente promissoras. Todavia, informações sobre a influência do fósforo (P)
na nutrição e desenvolvimento das mesmas são incipientes. Em condições de casa de vegetação,
avaliou-se os efeitos de quatro doses de P (0; 1; 10 e 100 kg ha-1) sobre parâmetros biométricos
e fisiológicos dessas espécies. Para mogno, as doses crescentes de P elevaram o crescimento da
parte aérea, os conteúdos de carbono, nitrogênio, P e, as concentrações foliares de
macronutrientes e manganês, e diminuíram a eficiência de utilização de P, as concentrações
foliares de boro e cobre e, a concentração dos ácidos orgânicos no fluido do xilema. Não foi
verificado efeito sobre o crescimento de raiz, as concentrações foliares de Zn e Fe, e a atividade
de fosfatase de raiz. Destaca-se que houve correlação inversa entre a atividade de fosfatase
ácida de raiz e o crescimento da parte aérea e, P e N acumulados na planta. Para pau-de-balsa,
o aumento das doses de P elevou o crescimento da parte aérea, a eficiência de utilização de P e
a concentração de ácidos orgânicos no fluido do xilema. As concentrações foliares de nutrientes
foram afetadas de forma variada pela aplicação de doses de P: P, magnésio e cálcio aumentaram
e, nitrogênio, potássio, enxofre, boro, zinco e cobre diminuíram. Doses crescentes de P
diminuíram a atividade de fosfatase ácida de raiz. Não foi verificado efeito sobre as
concentrações foliares de manganês, ferro e do ácido oxálico no fluido no xilema. Em geral,
doses crescentes de P melhoram a formação das mudas dessas espécies. Porém, uma adubação
equivalente a 100 kg P ha-1 pode causar desequilíbrio de crescimento em mudas de pau-debalsa.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:http://localhost:tede/5528 |
| Date | 29 July 2015 |
| Creators | Seabra, Carla Eloiza Bavose Campos |
| Contributors | Tucci, Carlos Alberto Franco, Pereira, Bruno Fernando Faria, Minogue, Patrick Joseph, Hara, Francisco Adilson dos Santos, Ferreira, Marciel José, Astolfi Filho, Spartaco, Silva, Wellington Gomes da |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronomia Tropical, UFAM, Brasil, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFAM, instname:Universidade Federal do Amazonas, instacron:UFAM |
| Rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | -5537693809664963463, 600, 600, -7597927524659854503 |
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