Field studies were conducted during the summers of 2007 and 2008 at the Agricultural Research and Education Complex, Western Kentucky University, Warren County, KY and commercial production fields in Caldwell County, KY, Warrick County IN, and Vanderburgh County, IN. The goals of these studies were to further validate the Duncan grain yield model, the Russell aboveground biomass model, and to study the effect of inconsistent spacing within rows on Zea mays L. yield. Plant spacing other than uniform decreases grain yield and profitability. The population experiments conducted at the Warren County location were a randomized complete block design with three planting densities, three varieties (c.v. DeKalb DKC6547, DeKalb DKC6346, DeKalb DKC6478) in 2007 and (DeKalb DKC6478, DeKalb DKC6342, and DeKalb DKC6544) in 2008, and three replications. Seeds were planted in rows 76 cm apart and 9.1 m long with four rows per plot in a no-till system on a Crider Silt Loam with pH of 6.8 and 1.5% organic matter. The effect of variable within row spacing was evaluated in commercial production fields by randomly selecting five adjacent rows of 5.3 meters in length at each location. Grain yield for each row was then curve fitted both linearly and exponentially.
Minimizing interspecies competition was essential to evaluating the effects of competition within Zea mays L. A burn-down application of 2,4-D and glyphosate was used prior to planting. The most common weeds in the plots were Sorghum halepense L. (johnsongrass), Trifolium repens L. (white clover), and Taraxacum officinale L. (common dandelion) . Glyphosate was reapplied throughout the growing season due to reemergence of S. halepense and Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (ivyleaf morningglory).
The weight of each ear was recorded and one row from each plot was randomly selected to shell. The moisture content was measured from a subsample twice each row using an electrical conductivity moisture meter. The mean of the two moisture readings was used as the moisture content from the plot. Cob weights from shelled ears were recorded to determine the grain/cob mass ratio. This ratio was used to project the grain weight for the remaining harvested rows.
Duncan’s grain yield model and Russell’s biomass model were curve fitted to the data for areas of 0.00040 hectares at the p < 0.05 significance level or greater in all population density plots. Individual plant grain masses were curve fitted to Duncan’s model with p < 0.05 significance in 3 out of 15 plots. Grain mass was negatively correlated (R < 0) with standard deviation of within row spacing in 14 of 15 plots. A linear fit to this trend was significant in only 2 of 15 plots. The Duncan yield curve and the Russell aboveground biomass model fit all 6 genotype by environment interactions for 2007 and 2008 to the α = 0.05 level of confidence when evaluated over a 5.3 meter length on 76.2 cm wide rows. Individual plants fit linearly at α = 0.05 in 9 out of 15 plots. Individual plants fit the Duncan yield curve at α = 0.05 in 4 out of 15 plots.
Standard deviation of within row spacing fit grain yield loss significantly at &#; = 0.05 in two of 15 plots. The individual plant spacing and local population density collectively fit nine plots significantly at α = 0.05 or better.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:WKU/oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1040 |
| Date | 01 December 2008 |
| Creators | Ballard, Todd Curtis |
| Publisher | TopSCHOLAR® |
| Source Sets | Western Kentucky University Theses |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | Masters Theses & Specialist Projects |
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