Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to investigate skeletal muscle changes induced by an acute
bout of plyometric exercise before and after plyometric training. The study consisted of
an acute study and training intervention study. The acute study, investigated whether
direct evidence of ultrastructural damage and identification of indirect factors were more
evident in subjects presenting with rhabdomyolysis. Moreover the training intervention
study investigated whether plyometric training would protect the muscle from
ultrastructural damage and rhabdomyolysis.
During the acute intervention, twenty six healthy untrained individuals completed an
acute bout of plyometric exercise (10 x 10 squat-jumps, 1 min rest). After, thirteen
subjects continued with the training intervention. Eight of these subjects completed 8
weeks of plyometric jump training, while five subjects were instructed to rest from
physical activity for 8 weeks. Seven days after the final training session the training and
rest group repeated a second acute bout of plyometric exercise.
Acute Study: Creatine kinase (CK) activity increased significantly following the single
bout of plyometric exercise in all subjects (baseline: 129 to day 4: 5348 U/l). This was
accompanied by an increase in perceived pain, C-reactive protein (CRP) a marker of
inflammation as well as white blood cells (WBCs). Electron micrographs of muscle
biopsies taken 3 days post exercise showed evidence of ultrasructural damage and
membrane damage was apparent by immunofluorescence by the loss of dystrophin
staining. A stretch of the c-terminus of titin was observed by immunogold, and western
blot analysis indicated an increase in calpain-3 autolysis. Based on individual CK
responses (CK range: 153-71,024 U/L at 4days after exercise) the twenty six subjects
were divided into two groups, namely the high (n=10) and low responders (n=16). Training intervention: Following training the trained group did not experience: a rise of
CK activity (110.0 U/l), perceived pain, CRP, WBCs, Z-line streaming, a stretch of titin or
calpain-3 activation; while in the control group only two subjects presented with Z-line
streaming.
The results indicate that high responders have a more pronounced inflammatory
response compared to low responders after eccentric exercise, therefore more WBCs
and more specifically neutrophils are recruited to damaged areas resulting in greater
membrane damage by respiratory burst in high responders. This damage can be limited
with training by remodelling sarcomeric proteins via calpain activation resulting in the
stable assembly of proteins in the sarcomere preventing the release of proteins. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om skeletspier veranderinge wat teweeggebring is deur
voor en na afloop van akute pleometriese oefening, te ondersoek. Die studie bestaan
uit ‘n akute intervensie en ‘n oefeningsintervensie gedeelte. Die akute intervensie het
ondersoek ingestel na die direkte bewyse van ultrastrukturele skade en identifikasie van
indirekte faktore meer sigbaar is in proefpersone wat met rhabdomiolose presenteer.
Meerso het die oefningsintervensie die moontlikheid dat pleometriese oefening die spier
van ultrastrukturele skade en rhabdomiolose beskerm, ondersoek.
Tydens die akute intervensie is 26 gesonde ongeoefende individue die akute
pleometriese oefeningsessie (10 x 10 hurkspronge, 1 min rus) voltooi. Hierna het 13
proefpersone voortgegaan met die oefeningsintervensie. Agt van hierdie proefpersone
het agt weke pleometriese sprongsessie oefeninge voltooi, terwyl vyf proefpersone
gevra is om vir 8 weke geen oefeninge te doen nie. Sewe dae na afloop van die finale
oefeningssessie het die oefening en kontrole groep in ‘n tweede herhaalde akute
pleometriese oefeningsessie deelgeneem.
Akute intervensie: kreatienkinase (KK) aktiwiteit het betekenisvol verhoog na die enkel
pleometriese oefeningsessie in all proefpersone (basislyn: 129 tot op dag vier: 5348 U/l).
Hierdie is vergesel met ‘n toename in die persepsie van pyn, c-reaktiewe proteïen (CRP)
‘n merker van inflammasie sowel as witbloedselle (WBS). Elektronmikrograwe van
spierbiopsies wat geneem is drie dae na afloop van die oefeninge, het tekens van
ultrastrukturele skade en membraanskade getoon wat ook deur immunofluoresensie
duidelik warneembaar was deur die verlies van distrofienverkleuring. ‘n Verrekking van
die c-terminus van titin is ook waargeneem deur middel van immunogold. Westernblot
analyse het ‘n toename in calpain-3 outolise getoon. Gegrond op individuele KK response (KK grense: 153-71,024 U/L na vier dae post oefening) is 26 proefpersone
verdeel in twee groepe naamlik ‘n hoë (n=10) en lae responders (n=16).
Oefeningintervensie:: Na oefening het die geoefende groep nie ‘n toename in KK
aktiwiteit getoon nie (KK aktiwiteit (110.0 U/l)), pynervaring, CRP, WBS, Z-lynstroming,
‘n strekking van titin of calpain-3 aktivering; terwyl in die kontrole groep daar slegs twee
proefpersone met Z-lynstroming geïdentifiseer is.
Die resultate wyse daarop dat hoë responders ‘n meer uitgesproke inflammatoriese
reaksie toon vergeleke met die lae responders na afloop van essentriese oefening.
Daar word dus meer WBS en spesifiek meer neutrofiele na beskadigde areas
gelokaliseer wat in grootter membraanskade deur respiratoriese inspanning in die hoë
responders. Hierdie skade kan beperk word deur oefening waardeur hermodulering van
sarkomeriese proteïene via calpain aktivering tot stabiele rangskiking van proteïene in
die sarcomere lei en daardeur proteïen vrystelling verhinder. / The NRF for financial assistance
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/20384 |
| Date | 03 1900 |
| Creators | Isaacs, Ashwin Wayne |
| Contributors | Myburgh, Kathryn H., Macaluso, Filippo, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Science. Dept. of Physiological Sciences. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xvi, 156 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University, Theses -- Physiology (Human and animal), Dissertations -- Physiology (Human and animal) |
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