The aim of the present study was to evaluate the power of discrimination and genetic(diversity) parameters in the Y chromosome extended haploytpe markers in populations of Tanzania for forensic and populations studies. Eleven Y chromosome extended haplotype markers were selected for this study, these includes Minimal haplotypes markers i.e. DYS19, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II and two additional markers DYS438 and DYS439. Six populations of Tanzania were investigated under this study. These populations were selected based on the language family categories; Niger Congo (Kuria and Sukuma), Nilo Saharan (Luo and Maasai) and Afro Asiatic (Iraqw and Alagwa).Buccal swabs were collected from unrelated males from Mwanza province (Sukuma),Mara (Kuria and Luo), Arusha (Maasai and Iraqw) and Dodoma province (Alagwa).Samples were typed using ABI 377 Genetic Analyser (Applied Biosystem) followed by analysis using softwares Gelprocessor, GeneScan 3.0.0 (Applied Biosystems) and Genotyper 3.7 (Applied Biosystems). The data obtained were analysed by GenePop 4.0,Arlequin 3.11 and Genetix v.4.05.2 software packages. Analyses such as AMOVA, Fst population pairwise comparison, Factorial component Analysis were used to obtain Allele frequency, haplotype frequency, gene diversities among various loci and levels of gene flow between populations.For the overall individuals, the highest Gene Diversity value was 0.8251 (DYS385) and the lowest was 0.2723 (DYS392). The overall Haplotype Diversity was 0.9984 and Discrimination capacity resulted 84.27%. A total of 225 distinct haplotypes were identified in 267 individuals, 28 were shared, the most frequent haplotype was present in 5 individuals. The levels of genetic diversity for the haplotypes per group as revealed
by haplotype diversities confirmed that the most diverse group being Sukuma, Kuria,Iraqw, Maasai, Luo and Alagwa being the least diverse. The Discrimination capacity of these set of markers showed the highest value in Sukuma population (100%) subsequently followed by Iraqw, Luo, Maasai, Kuria and Alagwa (78.38%) being the lowest. Analysis of Molecular Variance showed a significant differentiation among populations, 93.96% of variance was found within population and 6.04% among population. Population pairwise results between all population pairs (except Sukuma and kuria and Alagwa and Luo) showed significant results (P < 0.05).
Genetic heterogeneity that was found among Tanzanian populations could not be
attributed to language barriers but was largely being contributed by a limited level of gene flow between these populations due to different ethnical, social, cultural and
historical backgrounds between them. All Y chromosome extended haplotype loci used in this study (except DYS392 and DYS391 which showed the lowest level of
polymorphism) were found to be likely useful for forensic application in Tanzania.
Furthermore the extended haplotype markers used in this study may be useful in the establishment of the National DNA database following the enactment of the Human DNA Legislation in Tanzania (http://www.parliament.go.tz). / Magister Scientiae - MSc
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:uwc/oai:etd.uwc.ac.za:11394/3571 |
| Date | January 2011 |
| Creators | Saidi, Mwema Hadija |
| Contributors | D’Amato, Maria Eugenia, Davison, Sean |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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