Cheung Chun Pan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-227). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.I / Abstract (English) --- p.II / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.VI / Contents --- p.VIII / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Nuclear hormone receptor: a general review --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Classification of nuclear hormone receptors --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Mechanism of action --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Domains structure and functions --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Orphan nuclear receptors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Prostate gland - a male accessory reproductive organ --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- "Anatomy, histology and physiology of the prostate gland" --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Endocrinology of the prostate gland --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pathogenesis of the prostate gland --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- The role of estrogen receptors in the prostate gland and prostate cancer --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Estrogens in male --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Effects of estrogens in the prostate gland --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Estrogen receptors - two isoforms --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Expression of ERs in the prostate gland --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Estrogen-modulated transgenic mice 226}0ؤ functional studies of ERs --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4 --- Estrogen receptor-related receptors: orphan receptors --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Estrogen receptor-related receptors: Three isoforms --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Expression of ERRs in different tissues --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Promoter binding and genes regulated by of ERRs --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Coregulators of ERRs --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Ligand of ERRs --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Functional roles of ERRs --- p.29 / Chapter 1.4.7 --- Cross talk between ERRs and ERs --- p.31 / Table 11 --- p.33 / Figure 1.1 - 15 --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Aims of the Study --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methods and Materials / Chapter 3.1 --- "Expression patterns of ERRs and steroid hormone receptors in the human prostate cell lines, tumor xenografts and prostatic tissues" --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Human prostatic tissues --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Cell cultures --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Human prostate cancer xenografts --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Full length clones of ERR isoforms --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.7 --- Southern blot analysis --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.8 --- Generation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1.9 --- Western blot analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.10 --- Immunohistochemistry --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship of ERR and ER expressions in the prostatic cells --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- "Expression vectors of ERRa, ERRγ and ERa" --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Transient transfection of ERRa, ERRγ and ERa expression vectors in PC-3 cells" --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- Intracellular trafficking and transcriptional activity of GFP-tagged ERRs in the prostatic cells --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Construction of GFP-tagged ERR fusion plasmids --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Examination of transcriptional activity of GFP-tagged ERRs by luciferase assay --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged ERRs in the living prostatic cells --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Immunofluorescent staining GFP-tagged ERRs --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4 --- The Role of ERRs in the growth of the prostatic cells --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Evaluation the transfection efficiencies of PC-3 and PNT2 cells --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cells proliferation assays in ERRs transient transfected prostatic cells --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Flow cytometry of ERRs transient transfected PC-3 cells --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- RT-PCR of cell cycle-related genes in ERRs transient transfected PC-3 cells --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Generation of PNT2 and DU145 cells stably transfected with ERRy --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Cell proliferation assay of ERRy stable-transfected PNT2 and DU 145cells --- p.72 / Chapter 3. 4.7 --- Anchorage independent growth assay of ERRy stable-transfected PNT2 and DU 145 cells --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.8 --- Flow cytometry of ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 and DU145 cells --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.9 --- RT-PCR of cell cycle-related genes in ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 and DU 145 cells --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4.10 --- Western blot analysis of p21 in ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 cells --- p.75 / Chapter 3.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.75 / Table 3.1 - 3.2，Figure 3.1 - 35 --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results / Chapter 4.1 --- "Expression patterns of ERRs and steroid hormone receptors in the human prostate cell lines, tumor xenografts and prostatic tissues" --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- "mRNA expression patterns of ERR isoforms in the prostatic cell lines, prostate cancer xenografts and human prostatic tissues" --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- mRNA expression patterns of steroid hormone receptors and prostatic differentiation markers in the prostatic cell lines and xenografts --- p.95 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Characterization of antisera against human ERRs by ERR recombinant proteins --- p.97 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Protein expression of ERR isoforms in the human prostatic cell lines --- p.98 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- "Immunolocalization of ERR isoforms in the normal, dysplastic and neoplastic prostates" --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2 --- Interrelationship of ERR and ER expression in PC-3 prostate cancer cells --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Expressions of ERRγ, ERa and ERβ in the ERRa transient transfected PC-3 cells" --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Expression of ERRa in the ERRγ and ERa transient transfected PC-3 cells --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3 --- Intracellular trafficking and transcriptional activities of ERRs in the prostatic cells with fused green fluorescence protein 一 ERRs --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Trans activation of ERE response element 226}0ؤ driven reporter by ERR isoforms in the PC-3 cells in the presence or absence of serum --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Trans activation of SF-1 response element driven reporter by ERR isoforms in the PC-3 cells in the presence or absence of serum --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Subcellular localizations of three ERR isoforms in the PC-3 cells in the presence or absence of serum --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- The role of ERRs in the growth of prostatic cells --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- "The growth of ERRs transient transfected PC-3, PNT2 prostatic cells" --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Cell cycle analysis of ERRs transient transfected PC-3 cells --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors and p53 in the ERRs transient transfected PC-3 cells --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Establishment of ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 and DU145 cells --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Transcriptional activation of ERE response element in ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 cells --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Effect of over-expression of ERRγ on the growth of PNT2 and DU145 stable-transfected cells --- p.112 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Efficiencies of colony formation of ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 and DU145 cells --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- Cell cycle analysis of ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2and DU 145 cells --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4.9 --- Expression of cell cycle-related genes in the ERRy stable-transfected PNT2 and DU 145 cells --- p.116 / Figure 4.1 - 4.38，Table 4.1 - 43 --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion / Chapter 5.1 --- "Expression study in human prostatic cells, tumor xenografts" --- p.159 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Differential expression patterns of ERRs in prostatic cells, cancer xenografts and tissues" --- p.160 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Co-localization of ERRs and ERβ in the human prostate --- p.166 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Differential expression patterns of steroid hormone receptors and prostatic specific markers in prostatic cells and xenografts --- p.168 / Chapter 5.2 --- ERRα acts as a expression repressor of ERRγ and ERα in PC-3 cells --- p.173 / Chapter 5.3 --- ERRs are nuclear localized and constitutively active in PC-3 cells --- p.176 / Chapter 5.4 --- ERRs acts as the negative growth regulators in the prostatic cells --- p.179 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Cell cycle control of mammalian cells --- p.180 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- The roles of AR and ERs in the cell cycle regulation --- p.181 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Inhibition of cell proliferation in ERRs transient transfected PC-3 cells and ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 and DU145 cells --- p.184 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Inhibition of anchorage independent growth in ERRγ stable-transfected PNT2 and DU 145 cells --- p.188 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.191 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- References --- p.192 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Publications --- p.227
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324633 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Contributors | Cheung, Chun Pan., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Anatomy. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xv, 227 leaves, [38] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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