In the unitation representation used in genetic algorithms, the number of genotypes that map onto each phenotype varies greatly. This leads to an attractor in phenotype space which impairs the performance of the genetic algorithm. The attractor is illustrated theoretically and empirically. A new representation, called the length varying representation (LVR), allows unitation chromosomes of varying length (and hence with a variety of attractors) to coexist. Chromosomes whose lengths yield attractors close to optima come to dominate the population. The LVR is shown to be more effective than the unitation representation against a variety of fitness functions. However, the LVR preferentially converges towards the low end of phenotype space. The phenotype shift representation (PSR), which retains the ability of the LVR to select for attractors that are close to optima, whilst using a fixed length chromosome and thus avoiding the asymmetries inherent in the LVR, is defined. The PSR is more effective than the LVR and the results compare favourably with previously published results from eight other algorithms. The internal operation of the PSR is investigated. The PSR is extended to cover multi-dimensional problems. The premise that improvements in performance may be attained by the insertion of introns, non-coding sequences affecting linkage, into traditional bit string chromosomes is investigated. In this investigation, using a population size of 50, there was no evidence of improvement in performance. However, the position of the optima relative to the hamming cliffs is shown to have a major effect on the performance of the genetic algorithm using the binary representation, and the inadequacy of the traditional crossover and mutation operators in this context is demonstrated. Also, the disallowance of duplicate population members was found to improve performance over the standard generational replacement strategy in all trials.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:262615 |
| Date | January 1995 |
| Creators | Robbins, Phil |
| Contributors | Soper, Alan |
| Publisher | University of Greenwich |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | http://gala.gre.ac.uk/6281/ |
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