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Should glomerular filtration rate (GFR) be affected by the amount of viable, functioning tubular cells which in turn reflected by absolute renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA.

Wong Wai Lun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-125). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Legend for Figures --- p.ii / Legend for Tables --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / Abstract in Chinese --- p.ix / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Objective --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter II --- Literature Review / Chapter II.1. --- Anatomy of the urinary system --- p.6 / Chapter II.2. --- Physiology of the urinary system --- p.10 / Chapter II.3. --- Methods for investigating the urinary system --- p.12 / Chapter II.3.1. --- Plain film radiography --- p.12 / Chapter II.3.2. --- Excretory Urogram --- p.12 / Chapter II.3.3. --- Ultrasound --- p.13 / Chapter II.3.4. --- Computed Tomography --- p.15 / Chapter II.3.5. --- Renal Angiography --- p.16 / Chapter II.3.6. --- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) --- p.16 / Chapter II.3.7. --- Radionuclide Imaging --- p.17 / Chapter II.4. --- Radiopharmaceuticals for renal parenchyma imaging --- p.17 / Chapter II.4.1. --- Tc-99m GHA --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.1. --- Chemistry of Tc-99m GHA --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.2. --- Preparation --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.3. --- Doses --- p.18 / Chapter II.4.1.4. --- Biological behavior --- p.19 / Chapter II.4.2. --- Tc-99m DMSA / Chapter II.4.2.1. --- Chemistry of Technetium-99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (Tc-99m DMSA) --- p.20 / Chapter II.4.2.2. --- Chemical property of Tc-99m DMSA --- p.21 / Chapter II.4.2.3. --- Preparation --- p.22 / Chapter II.4.2.4. --- Radiochemical purity measurement --- p.22 / Chapter II.4.2.5. --- Doses --- p.23 / Chapter II.4.2.6. --- Pharmacokinetic of Tc-99m DMSA --- p.23 / Chapter II.4.2.7. --- Renal handling of injected Tc-99m DMSA --- p.25 / Chapter II.5. --- General consideration for quantitative uptake measurement in organs --- p.26 / Chapter II.5.1. --- Clinical significance of renal Tc-99m DMSA uptake --- p.28 / Chapter II.5.2. --- Special consideration and problems for quantitative renal Tc-99m uptake measurement --- p.29 / Chapter II.5.3. --- Suggestions and solutions for quantitative renal Tc-99m uptake measurement --- p.29 / Chapter II.5.3.1. --- Planar images Vs SPECT images for quantification --- p.29 / Chapter II.5.3.2. --- Background subtraction --- p.31 / Chapter II.5.3.3. --- Choice of location for background ROI --- p.32 / Chapter II.5.3.4. --- Attenuation --- p.35 / Chapter II.5.3.5. --- Principle of the conjugate view method --- p.36 / Chapter II.5.3.6. --- Body thickness and kidney depth measurement --- p.37 / Chapter II.6. --- Glomerular Filtration / Chapter II.6.1. --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter II.6.2. --- Gold standard for GFR measurement --- p.40 / Chapter II.6.3. --- Laboratory studies for the measurement of glomerular filtration : Serum Creatinine and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels --- p.41 / Chapter II.6.3.1. --- Calculation of Creatinine Clearance Rate --- p.43 / Chapter II.6.3.2. --- Critique for using creatinine clearance as a measurement of renal function --- p.44 / Chapter II.6.3.3. --- Limitation of the serum creatinine concentration used alone as a measurement of renal function --- p.46 / Chapter II.6.4. --- Radionuclide technique for the assessment of the glomerular function --- p.48 / Chapter II.6.4.1. --- Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic acid (DTPA) --- p.49 / Chapter II.6.4.2. --- Methods / Chapter II.6.4.2.1. --- Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate using Tc-99m DTPA with single injection techniques --- p.51 / Chapter II.6.4.2.2. --- Compartment model --- p.52 / Chapter II.6.4.2.2a. --- Two-compartment model --- p.52 / Chapter II.6.4.2.2b. --- Single-compartment model --- p.54 / Chapter II.6.4.2.3. --- Single blood sample technique: a modification of Tauxe's OIH method in which counts in a single plasma sample correlated with a GFR nomogram --- p.56 / Chapter II.6.4.2.4. --- Gamma camera based method --- p.58 / Chapter II.6.4.2.4a. --- Gates-modification of Schlegel's OIH technique --- p.58 / Chapter II.6.4.2.4b. --- Critique for the Gamma camera technique for measuring GFR --- p.62 / Chapter II.7. --- The relationship between the Tc-99m DMSA uptake and GFR --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter III --- Material and Methods --- p.69 / Chapter III.1. --- Subjects and Sampling Methods --- p.69 / Chapter III.2. --- Quantitation of Absolute DMSA uptake --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1. --- Parameters for Tc-99m DMSA uptake study --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1. --- Materials and methods --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.1. --- Instrumentation --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.2. --- Dosage --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.3. --- Optimum acquisition start time --- p.70 / Chapter III.2.1.1.4. --- Length of acquisition time --- p.71 / Chapter III.2.1.1.5. --- Acquisition parameter --- p.71 / Chapter III.3. --- Calculation of absolute renal DMSA uptake --- p.72 / Chapter III.3.1. --- Attenuation Coefficient factor(μ) --- p.73 / Chapter III.3.2. --- Table attenuation --- p.75 / Chapter III.3.3. --- Body thickness measurement --- p.77 / Chapter III.3.4. --- Decay correction --- p.78 / Chapter III.3.5. --- Calculation of DMSA uptake --- p.78 / Chapter III.3.6. --- Counting dose injected --- p.80 / Chapter III.3.7. --- Calculation of absolute quantitation of Tc-99m DMSA uptake --- p.80 / Chapter III.3.8. --- Dose infiltration --- p.81 / Chapter III.4. --- GFR measurement --- p.82 / Chapter III.4.1. --- Instrumentation --- p.82 / Chapter III.4.2. --- Methods --- p.82 / Chapter III.5. --- Statistical and analytical methods --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Results --- p.87 / Chapter IV. 1. --- Characteristics of experimental subjects and their serum creatinine profile --- p.88 / Chapter IV.2. --- Absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake / Chapter IV.2.1. --- The change of absolute Tc-99m uptake with time --- p.89 / Chapter IV.2.2. --- Absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake measurement at 6 and 24 hours --- p.90 / Chapter IV.2.3. --- Gender difference in absolute Tc-99m uptake measurement at 6 hour --- p.92 / Chapter IV.3. --- GFR measurement --- p.93 / Chapter IV.3.1. --- GFR measurement by single (3hr) and double (1&3 hrs) plasma sampling --- p.93 / Chapter IV.3.2. --- Gender difference in GFR measurement using single plasma sampling --- p.96 / Chapter IV.4. --- Univariate Correlation --- p.97 / Chapter IV.4.1. --- Correlation between GFR using single plasma sampling and absolute Tc-99m uptake --- p.97 / Chapter IV.4.2. --- Correlation between GFR using single plasma sampling and plasma creatinine levels --- p.98 / Chapter IV.4.3. --- Correlation between anthropometric variables on GFR(3 hr) --- p.99 / Chapter IV.4.4. --- Correlation between anthropometric variables and serum creatinine plasma level on absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake measurement at 6 hour --- p.101 / Chapter IV.4.5. --- Multiple linear stepwise regression --- p.103 / Chapter Chapter V. --- Discussion / Chapter V. 1 --- . Review of the study --- p.104 / Chapter V.1.1. --- Experimental subjects and their absolute Tc-99m DMSA uptake (%) at 6 hr --- p.104 / Chapter V.1.2. --- Experimental subjects and their GFR(3 hr) --- p.105 / Chapter V.2. --- Discussion on subject --- p.105 / Chapter V.2.1. --- Subject preparation --- p.106 / Chapter V.3. --- Discussion of method --- p.106 / Chapter V.3.1. --- Equipment --- p.106 / Chapter (a) --- Dose calibrator --- p.106 / Chapter (b) --- The sensitivity of the head 1 and 2 of the gamma camera --- p.106 / Chapter (c) --- Validation of quantification of injected activity by gamma camera method--------constancy of performance for gamma camera --- p.110 / Chapter (d) --- LEHR Collimator --- p.112 / Chapter (f) --- Dead time loss --- p.112 / Chapter V.4. --- Discussion on measurement --- p.113 / Chapter (a) --- Length of acquisition time --- p.113 / Chapter (b) --- Attenuation Coefficient factor (\x) --- p.113 / Chapter (c) --- "Body thickness, L, measurement" --- p.113 / Chapter (d) --- Optimum acquisition time for data collection --- p.115 / Chapter v.5. --- Discussion on overall error estimation --- p.115 / Chapter (a) --- Tc-99m DMSA uptake measurement at 6 hr --- p.115 / Chapter (b) --- GFR measurement by single (3 hr) sample --- p.116 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Conclusion --- p.117 / Reference --- p.119 / Appendix I --- p.126 / Appendix II --- p.128 / Appendix III --- p.134

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_322509
Date January 1998
ContributorsWong, Wai Lun., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Surgical Sciences.
Source SetsThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
LanguageEnglish, Chinese
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypeText, bibliography
Formatprint, x, 134 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
RightsUse of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

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