Wong, Kin Shing Kinson. / Thesis submitted in: November 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-158). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.v / Contents --- p.viii / List of figures --- p.xv / List of plates --- p.xx / List of tables --- p.xxi / Abbreviations --- p.xxiii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Heavy metals --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Characteristics of heavy metals --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Heavy metal pollution in Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Common usage of heavy metals --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.1 --- Copper --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.2 --- Nickel --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3.3 --- Zinc --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Toxicity of heavy metals --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Copper --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Nickel --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- Zinc --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Treatment techniques for metal ions --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.5.1 --- Chemical precipitation --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.5.2 --- Ion exchange --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.5.3 --- Activated carbon adsorption --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biosorption --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition of biosorption --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Mechanism --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Advantages of biosorption --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Selection of biosorbents --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chitinous materials --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Background of chitin --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Structures of chitinous materials --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Sources of chitinous materials --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Application of chitinous materials --- p.20 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Mechanism of metal ion adsorption by chitin --- p.22 / Chapter 1.4 --- Activated carbon --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Characteristics of activated carbon --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Applications of activated carbon --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Factors affecting adsorption ability of activated carbon --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Advantages and Disadvantages --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.4.1 --- Advantages (Adsorption) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.4.2 --- Advantages (Regerneration) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.4.3 --- Disadvantages (Adsorption) --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.4.4 --- Disadvantages (Regeneration) --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5 --- Cation exchange resin --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Usages of cation exchange resin --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Characteristics of cation exchange resin --- p.30 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Disadvantages of using cation exchange resin --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6 --- Magnetite --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Reasons of using magnetite --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Characteristics of magnetite --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Immobilization by magnetite --- p.32 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Advantages of using magnetite --- p.33 / Chapter 1.7 --- The biosorption experiment --- p.33 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- The batch biosorption experiment --- p.33 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- The adsorption isotherms --- p.34 / Chapter 1.7.2.1 --- The Langmuir adsorption isotherm --- p.34 / Chapter 1.7.2.2 --- The Freundlich adsorption isotherm --- p.36 / Chapter 2. --- Objectives --- p.38 / Chapter 3. --- Materials and methods --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Adsorbents --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Chitin A --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Pretreatment of chitin A --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Magnetite --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Activated carbon --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Cation exchange resin --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Pretreatment of cation exchange resin --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chemicals --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Metal ion solution --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Buffer solution --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Standard solution --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Immobilization of chitin A by magnetite --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Effect of chitin A to magnetite ratio --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Effect of amount of chitin A and magnetite in a fixed ratio --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of pH --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of immobilization time --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Effect of temperature --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Effect of salinity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Mass production of magnetite-immobilized chitin A --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4 --- Batch adsorption experiment --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5 --- "Optimization of physicochemical condition on Cu2+，Ni2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by MCA, AC and CER" --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Effect of equilibrium pH --- p.48 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Effect of amount of adsorbent --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Effect of retention time --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Effect of temperature --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Effect of initial metal ion concentration --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Adsorption isotherms --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5.8 --- Dimensionless separation factor --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5.9 --- Kinetic parameters of adsorption --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5.10 --- Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption --- p.53 / Chapter 3.6 --- "Recovery of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from metal ion-laden MCA" --- p.54 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Performances of various solutions on metal ion recovery --- p.54 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Multiple adsorption and desorption cycles of metal ions --- p.55 / Chapter 3.7 --- Statistical analysis of data --- p.55 / Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1 --- Immobilization of chitin A by magnetite --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Effect of chitin A to magnetite ratio --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Effect of amount of chitin A and magnetite in a fixed ratio --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Effect of pH --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Effect of immobilization time --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Effect of temperature --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1.7 --- Effect of salinity --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1.8 --- Mass production of magnetite-immobilized chitin A --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Batch adsorption experiment --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Screening of adsorbents --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Optimization of physicochemical condition on Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by MCA, AC and CER" --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of equilibrium pH --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of amount of adsorbent --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of retention time --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effect of temperature --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of initial metal ion concentration --- p.86 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Summary of optimized conditions for three metal ions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Cost analysis of metal ion removal by three adsorbents --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Performance of reference adsorbents (AC and CER) --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3.10 --- Adsorption isotherms --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.11 --- Dimensionless separation factor --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.12 --- Kinetic parameters of adsorption --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.13 --- Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4 --- "Recovery of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from metal ion-laden MCA" --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Performances of various solutions on metal ion recovery --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Multiple adsorption and desorption cycles of metal ions --- p.117 / Chapter 5. --- Discussions --- p.121 / Chapter 5.1 --- Immobilization of chitin A by magnetite --- p.121 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Effect of chitin A to magnetite ratio --- p.121 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Effect of amount of chitin A and magnetite in a fixed ratio --- p.121 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Effect of pH --- p.122 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Effect of immobilization time --- p.122 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Effect of temperature --- p.122 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.123 / Chapter 5.1.7 --- Effect of salinity --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2 --- Batch adsorption experiment --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Screening of adsorbents --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Optimization of physicochemical condition on Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ adsorption by MCA, AC and CER" --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Effect of equilibrium pH --- p.125 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effect of amount of adsorbent --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Effect of retention time --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Effect of agitation rate --- p.128 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Effect of temperature --- p.128 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Effect of initial metal ion concentration --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3.7 --- Summary of optimized conditions for three metal ions --- p.130 / Chapter 5.3.8 --- Cost analysis of metal ion removal by three adsorbents --- p.132 / Chapter 5.3.9 --- Performance of reference adsorbents (AC and CER) --- p.133 / Chapter 5.3.10 --- Adsorption isotherms --- p.133 / Chapter 5.3.11 --- Dimensionless separation factor --- p.135 / Chapter 5.3.12 --- Kinetic parameters of adsorption --- p.136 / Chapter 5.3.13 --- Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption --- p.139 / Chapter 5.4 --- "Recovery of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ from metal ion-laden MCA" --- p.140 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Performances of various solutions on metal ion recovery --- p.140 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Multiple adsorption and desorption cycles of metal ions --- p.141 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.143 / Chapter 7. --- References --- p.145
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326142 |
| Date | January 2008 |
| Contributors | Wong, Kin Shing Kinson., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xxiv, 158 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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