ABSTRACT
To understand the mechanisms underlying cardiac dysfunction during ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress and defects in endothelium play a critical role in the activation of calpain and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), inhibition of sarcolemmal (SL) Na+-K+-ATPase, and induction of cardiac dysfunction during I/R injury. It was observed that I/R induced depression in cardiac function and SL Na+-K+-ATPase activity was greater in hearts perfused at constant flow than in hearts perfused at constant pressure. Such a difference was associated with increased calpain activity as well as decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein content and in nitric oxide production. The depression in Na+-K+-ATPase activity and decrease in protein content of Na+-K+-ATPase isoforms in I/R hearts were associated with an increase in calpain activity and translocation of calpain isoforms (I and II) from the cytosol to SL membrane as well as changes in the distribution of calpastatin. I/R induced alterations were Ca2+-dependent and were prevented by treatment with calpain inhibitors, MDL28170 and Leupeptin (Leu). These results suggest that depressions in cardiac function and SL Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the I/R hearts may be due to endothelial dysfunction as well as changes in the activity and translocation of calpain.
In another set of experiments, we examined the role of oxidative stress in activation of calpain during I/R and its association with changes in the activity of MMP. Our results show depression of cardiac function and Na+-K+-ATPase activity in I/R hearts were associated with increased calpain and MMP activities. These alterations due to I/R were attenuated by ischemic preconditioning as well as treatment with antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG). Treatment of I/R hearts with MMP inhibitor doxycycline (Dox) improved I/R-induced changes in cardiac function and Na+-K+-ATPase activity without affecting the calpain activation while treatment with calpain inhibitors, Leu and MDL 28170, reduced the MMP activity significantly in addition to attenuating the I/R-induced depression in Na+-K+-ATPase activity. These results suggests that alterations in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in I/R hearts are associated with oxidative stress and intracellular Ca2+ overload induced activation of calpain and MMP.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:MWU.1993/5092 |
| Date | 02 December 2008 |
| Creators | Singh, Raja Balraj |
| Contributors | Dhalla, Naranjan S. (Physiology), Singal, Pawan K. (Physiology) Freed, Darren H. (Surgery) Jassal, Davinder S. (Physiology) Schaffer, Stephen (University of South Alabama) |
| Publisher | J Appl Physiol |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Detected Language | English |
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