<p>Gojaznost i fizička neaktivnost su među najznačajnijim faktorima rizika za hronične nezarazne bolesti, koje su vodeći javnozdravstveni problemi u svetu i kod nas. Cilj istraživanja je procena prevalencija gojaznosti, predgojaznosti i fizičke neaktivnosti u slobodno vreme kod odraslog stanovništva Vojvodine, kao i procena povezanosti demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i bihevioralnih faktora sa gojaznošću i fizičkom neaktivnošću u slobodno vreme. Istraživanje predstavlja deo Istraživanja zdravlja stanovništva Srbije iz 2013. godine koje je sprovedeno od strane Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije, kao studija preseka na reprezentativnom stratifikovanom dvoetapnom uzorku. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 3337 osoba uzrasta 20 i više godina sa prebivalištem u Vojvodini. Instrument istraživanja su bili upitnici konstruisani u skladu sa upitnikom Evropskog istraživanja zdravlja, a podaci o telesnoj masi i telesnoj visini su dobijeni merenjem. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je u 2013. godini svaka četvrta odrasla osoba u Vojvodini bila gojazna, a svaka treća osoba predgojazna. U odnosu na 2000. godinu nije došlo do značajnog povećanja prevalencija gojaznosti i predgojaznosti, mada su se prevalencije održale na visokom nivou. Šanse za gojaznost su rasle do 75-te godine života, a nakon toga opadaju. Najveću šansu za gojaznost su imale osobe u braku ili vanbračnoj zajednici. Gojaznost je povezana sa socio-ekonomskim karakteristikama samo kod žena. Značajni prediktori gojaznosti kod žena su bili najniži nivo obrazovanja, loš materijalni status i nezaposlenost/ekonomska neaktivnost. Bivši pušači su imali oko dva puta veću šansu za gojaznost u odnosu na pušače, dok je šansa za gojaznost bila manja kod osoba koje su u poslednjih 12 meseci konzumirale alkohol. Fizička neaktivnost u slobodno vreme, kao i fizička neaktivnost u domenu transporta povećavaju verovatnoću za pojavu gojaznosti. Prevalencija fizičke neaktivnosti u slobodno vreme je bila veoma visoka (89%). Šanse za fizičku neaktivnost u slobodno vreme su se značajno povećavale sa starošću. Prediktori fizičke neaktivnosti su bili ženski pol, život u braku/vanbračnoj zajednici, nizak nivo obrazovanja i loš materijalni status. Pušači su imali oko dva puta veću šansu da budu fizički neaktivni u odnosu na nepušače, dok je stanovništvo koje je konzumiralo alkohol imalo manju šansu da bude fizički neaktivno u slobodno vreme. Gojazne osobe, kao i fizički neaktivne osobe su lošije ocenjivale svoje zdravlje. Gojazne osobe (bez obzira na nivo fizičke aktivnosti) su imale oko 3,5 puta veću šansu za pojavu multimorbiditeta u odnosu na osobe sa optimalnom telesnom masom koje su fizički aktivne u slobodno vreme. Gojazne osobe su imale četiri puta veću šansu za arterijsku hipertenziju i skoro četiri puta veću šansu za dijabetes u odnosu na normalno uhranjene osobe. Gojaznost i fizička neaktivnost u slobodno vreme su značajni javnozdravstveni problemi kod odraslog stanovništva u Vojvodini na šta ukazuju visoke prevalencije, velika zastupljenost među vulnerabilnim kategorijama stanovništva, nejednakost u frekvenciji između različitih socio-ekonomskih kategorija stanovništva, preventabilnost, povezanost sa lošijom samoprocenom zdravlja i hroničnim bolestima.</p> / <p>Obesity and physical inactivity are one of the most significant risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, which are one of the most important public health problems in the world and also in our country. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and leisure time physical inactivity among the adult population of Vojvodina, and also to evaluate the association of demographic, socio-economic and behavioral factors with obesity and leisure time physical inactivity. The study is part of the National Health Survey of Serbia, a cross-sectional study conducted in year 2013 by the Ministry of Health of Republic of Serbia on a representative stratified two-stage sample. The study included 3337 participants aged 20 and over who resided in Vojvodina. The instruments were questionnaires designed in line with the European Health Interview Survey questionnaire, and data on body mass and body height were measured. Results showed that in year 2013 every fourth adult person in Vojvodina was obese, and every third overweight. There was no increase in prevalences compared to year 2000, although they remained high. Odds of obesity increased until age 75, and afterwards decreased. The highest odds of obesity were among persons who were married or living with a partner. Obesity was associated with socio-economic factors only among women. The predictors of obesity among women were: low level of education, low wealth index and unemployment/economical inactivity. Former smokers had two times higher odds of obesity, compared to smokers, while persons who consumed alcohol in the last 12 months had lower odds to be obese. Leisure time physical inactivity, as well as transport related physical inactivity were important predictors of obesity. Prevalence of leisure time physical inactivity was very high (89%). With increasing age, odds of physical inactivity increased. Predictors of physical inactivity were female gender, being married or living with a partner, low level of education and low wealth index. Smokers had two times higher odds of physical inactivity in comparison to nonsmokers, while persons who consumed alcohol in the last 12 months had lower odds of physical inactivity. Obese and physically inactive persons were more likely to assess their health as average, poor or very poor. Obese persons (regardless of the level of physical activity) had three and a half times higher odds of multimorbidity compared to persons with healthy weight who were physically active. Obese persons had four times higher odds of arterial hypertension and almost four times higher odds of diabetes. Obesity and physical inactivity are important public health problems among the adult population in Vojvodina due to high prevalences in population, especially among vulnerable groups, inequality in frequency among different socio-economic groups, preventability and association with poor health perception and chronic diseases.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)101648 |
| Date | 28 October 2016 |
| Creators | Radić Ivana |
| Contributors | Martinov-Cvejin Mirjana, Nićiforović-Šurković Olja, Babić Slađana, Mijatović-Jovanović Vesna, Ukropina Snežana, Kvrgić Svetlana |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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