本研究透過內容分析法和深度訪談法探討台灣新聞集資發展的發展概況，包含新聞內容產製者如何執行集資計畫，以及對新聞業和記者工作型態有何影響或變化。
研究結果顯示，在所有新聞集資提案中，提案數量最多的發起方類別是公民記者／團體，但他們大多自行摸索如何產製新聞，需要更多資源和專業後援以提升作品質量。傳播科系學生則透過新聞集資計畫實踐所學，新聞集資提案如同一小型創業，當前創業新聞學成為一股趨勢，未來學校教育除提供相關技能以及商業知識外，也應該引導學生探討專業倫理問題。傳統商業新聞媒體則是還沒將集資視為產製過程中的財物來源之一，尚未積極涉及新聞集資領域。
五年來的新聞集資圖像包含因社會運動熱潮推向高峰；另外至少有三成提案的發起方甘冒於更大的風險到國外取材；新聞集資也是長期追蹤議題、報導主流媒體忽視議題的可行管道。這些特點使得整體新聞集資題材更加多樣。
深度訪談八位新聞集資計畫的提案者。分析結果顯示，提案者寧願身兼多職或多工擁抱產製中的種種限制和不確定性，圖的是報導自由度以及更多時間追蹤議題並與受訪對象互動。提案者的產製運作情形因集資平台營運模式的不同有所差異。國內目前有兩家新聞集資平台：weReport、SOS。前者採非營利型、一次性集資，定位偏向提供「種子資金」育成入門報導者；後者採用營利型、持續訂閱集資，希望成為寫作者固定營收源，運作策略上強調個人品牌以及內容獨特性。
關於提案方和資助方之間的互動，新聞產製過程中的主導權多落在提案者或報導者手中，社群參與情形如啦啦隊的支持角色，積極的新聞協作功能不易實現。至於平台方和資助者的關係，雖然平台方在集資期間對於提案者的資訊揭露下了不少功夫，可惜多數平台並不追蹤計畫後續執行情形，僅由提案方自發維持。
本研究建議群眾資助新聞的轉型應朝向長期發展。除了關注社群形成以及產製過程經驗的累積，不可忽視的著力點還有「將新聞需求人口轉變為消費人口」。而無論新聞集資如何演變，至少得保持過程中的開放與透明特性。 / This study based on content analysis and in-depth interviews, explored the development of crowdfunding journalism, including how news content producers implement crowdfunding projects and how this emerging model influences or changes journalism and journalists’ work.
The results revealed that citizen journalists constitute the largest proportion of crowdfunders of crowdfunding journalism projects. Citizen journalists continually explore news production independently and require more resources and professional support to raise the quality of their work. Communication students apply what they have learned by pitching projects, just like a micro start-up. Currently, entrepreneurial journalism has become a trend. In addition to providing skill training and teaching business knowledge, schools should lead students to discuss professional ethics issues. Traditional news media do not consider crowdfunding as a financing source and are not actively involved in this field.
Over the past 5 years, crowdfunding journalism has peaked because of social movements. Crowdfunders of at least 30% of project seem willing to endure risky conditions abroad to gather news. Crowdfunding journalism is also an option for reporters who would like to follow a particular issue for a long time. All of these features increase the diversity of the overall subjects of crowdfunding news.
In-depth interviews were conducted with eight crowdfunders. The crowdfunders revealed that they would rather take on multiple roles, undertake multiple tasks or stand the various constraints and uncertainty during the news production, in order to have the freedom of the press and much more time to track the issues and interact with their interviewees. Crowdfunders’ production practices varied from diverse business models of crowdfunding platforms. Two crowdfunding journalism platforms are available in Taiwan: weReport and SOS. weReport adopts a nonprofit, one-time funding model, and prefers to provide “seed money” for new entrants. SOS adopts a profit-based subscription model in the hope of providing writers stable funding; the business strategy of SOS emphasizes individual brands and content uniqueness.
Crowdfunders or reporters usually take the initiative in news production, compared with donors. Community participation plays a supporting role, but active news collaboration from communities is not easy to achieve. Regarding the relationship between platforms and donors, although platforms endeavor to maintain information transparency, most platforms do not follow up, depending on crowdfunders' self-discipline.
This study suggests that the transformation of crowdfunding journalism will move toward long-term development. In addition to focusing on community building and accumulating news production experience, the issue of “turning the news-demanding population into a news-consuming population” must not be overlooked. However, regardless of how crowdfunding journalism develops, the process should remain open and transparent.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G1024530031 |
| Creators | 陳品君, Chen, Pin Chun |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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