Thesis (MTech (Business Administration)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / Over the years, the history of football has been characterised by several incidents of
violence and disasters. According to Helding et al. (2002:4) globally, since 1945,
approximately 1,000 people are believed to have lost their lives and about 3,400
people have been injured in nearly 30 serious soccer stadium accidents.
In 1989, English soccer witnessed a stampede that left around 96 people dead at
Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield during an FA cup semi-final match between
Liverpool and Nottingham. Similar incidents in Africa occurred in Ghana in May 2001
when 126 supporters died after a stampede at Accra stadium at the end of a local
league game. In South Africa, Ellis Park stadium witnessed a similar disaster on 11
April 2001, which left 43 people dead when soccer giants Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando
Pirates clashed in a premier league soccer game.
South Africa lost the bid to host the 2004 Olympic Games in Cape Town in favour of
Athens and the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany as a result of perceived high crime
rate. Whether perceived or real, issues of safety and security impact negatively on the
image of a host nation.
On the other hand, South Africa was selected to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup
competition, despite a continued prevalence of high crime rates across the country.
More effort from the Government is needed to guarantee adequate safety and security
at soccer stadiums, training venues, and other areas used for public gatherings.
Stakeholders that deal with safety and security, such as SAPS, Metro Police, Fire
Brigade, and emergency medical services, should be deployed in such a way that they
can respond quickly to emergency situations.
A literature review has shown a close relationship between crime and event tourism.
The crime mapping concept, which covers hot spot theory, routine activity, crime pattern
approach and rational choice theory, helps in the understanding that some areas may
be more affected by crime than others and that criminals' motivations can differ.
Some of the most recent mega large-scale events used in the literature review includes:
FIFA Soccer World Cup Competitions in Korea/Japan in 2002 and in Germany in 2006.
This has provided guidance for South African organisers in terms of dealing with
security issues. These examples have also provided a framework of reference on how
to garner support and collaboration of national and international security agencies,
which are relevant to the staging of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa.
The foundation of this research considers the employees views concerning safety,
security and health in Cape Town. It is envisioned that these ideas can strengthen
future management decisions with regard to preparing safety, security and emergency
services for major events such as the 2010 Soccer World Cup. This should not only
involve taking note of security staff ideas, but also incorporating them into the grand
national safety and security strategy and ensuring the full implementation of the security
strategy at ground-level.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:cput/oai:localhost:20.500.11838/978 |
| Date | January 2009 |
| Creators | Mwanuhehere, Kambere |
| Publisher | Cape Peninsula University of Technology |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/za/ |
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