In the past several years, cancer treatments using FDA approved immune checkpoint inhibitors have become more popular than common chemotherapeutic agents. However, the costs, risks, and benefits associated with these treatments are still being assessed. Currently, new therapies are being tested that utilize oncolytic viruses to treat solid tumor and metastatic cancers. Reovirus is a non-enveloped virus with a double capsid structure and a genome consisting of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA encoding eleven proteins, which has been shown to have effective oncolytic activity. There are various different strains of reoviruses that can produce cytopathic effects in mammalian host cells. Moreover, several studies have shown that reovirus can be administered in multiple ways and that administration may depend on the cancer type. This investigation examined the type 3 dearing strain of reovirus and whether different types of tumors would benefit from having a specific administration appropriate to their type such as intratumoral injections for solid tumors and intravenous administration for blood/metastatic cancers. Various clinical trials were assessed in which reovirus was administered intratumorally, intravenously at a maximum dose of 3x1010 TCID50, and in combinations with other cancer therapeutics. Reovirus was shown to be safe and well-tolerated across a variety of administrations and cancer morphologies. Moreover, along with its cytopathic effects, reovirus was shown to have potent immune system stimulating effects. Overall, intratumoral administration was preferred effective for solid tumor cancers while intravenous administration was preferred for blood and metastatic cancers.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bu.edu/oai:open.bu.edu:2144/26743 |
| Date | 02 November 2017 |
| Creators | Kettoola, Yousif |
| Source Sets | Boston University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis/Dissertation |
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