<p>The discovery and utilization of novel starches
with unique superb properties are highly demanded for modern industrial uses.
Small-granule starch (SGS) is a category of unconventional starches with the
granular size smaller than 10 μm.
The potential use of SGS
includes many conventional and novel high-value applications, such as texturizing,
fat replacement, encapsulation, controlled delivery and nano-engineering. In
the present work, we focused on three SGS isolated from amaranth (<i>Amaranth cruentus</i>), cow cockle (<i>Saponaria vaccaria</i>) and sweet corn (<i>sugary-1</i> maize mutant). The basic structural and unique physical
properties of SGS were characterized and compared to common large-granule food
starches. It was found that (1) the highly branched amylopectin contributed to
low crystallinity and pasting viscosities of sweet corn starch, (2) cow cockle
starch exhibited high shear-resistance and low retrogradation in prolonged
storage, and (3) the amylopectin for amaranth starch was less branched with
small clusters, which was associated with the high crystallinity, medium
shear-resistance and low pasting viscosity of amaranth starch. Despite the
small size of starch granules, SGS in both native and swelling states showed the
capacity of retaining small molecules. Compared to large-granule starch, native
SGS are more difficult for small molecules to reach an equilibrium permeation.
This work provides insights
to the fine structure and physicochemical behaviors of selected high-potent
SGS, which is believed to support the industrial production and application of
SGS in the future.</p>
<p>The
characteristics of local polymeric structure dominate many critical properties
of glucan particles, such as starch retrogradation and the loading and stabilizing
of active substance. Molecular rotor (MR), a fluorescent probe, was proposed to
fulfill the simple, high-sensitive, and quantitative-based characterization of local
glucan architecture (LGA). In the present work, two innovative studies relevant
to this novel method were conducted: (1) MR was able to characterize glucans based
on its unique fluorescent response to characteristic LGA, (2) MR was able to sensitively
probe and visually demonstrate the transition of LGA induced by starch retrogradation.
This novel MR-based approach is expected to advance carbohydrate-related
researches in the future.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:purdue.edu/oai:figshare.com:article/7406726 |
| Date | 04 January 2019 |
| Creators | Xingyun Peng (5930138) |
| Source Sets | Purdue University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, Thesis |
| Rights | CC BY 4.0 |
| Relation | https://figshare.com/articles/Advanced_Characterization_of_Glucan_Particulates_Small-granule_Starch_Retention_of_Small_Molecules_and_Local_Architecture_Defined_by_Molecular_Rotor/7406726 |
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