This dissertation surveys the historical and intellectual development of the Ṭariqa Qadiriyya Naqshbandiyya (TQN), the amalgamated Sufi order founded in Indonesia by Shaykh Aḥmad Khaṭib Sambas (d.1875). After a brief recapitulation of the progress of Sufi orders in and beyond Java, it looks at the life and activities of Shaykh Sambas, and analyzes in particular his work Fatḥ al-`Arifin, situating it against the Qadiriyya and Naqshbandiyya sources that inspired it. The focus then switches to the transmission of the TQN doctrines by Sambas's disciples, especially `Abd al-Karim Banten (b. 1840), and the gradual dispersal of the order throughout the archipelago, which resulted in the formation of branches that maintained separate existences but largely similar teachings. This leads into a discussion of the TQN of Suryalaya (west Java), one of the most significant branches of the TQN in present-day Indonesia, although some attention is given also to other TQN centers, such as Mranggen and Rejoso in central and east Java, and to the writings of shaykhs in these regions. Although the main teachings of the ṭariqa have remained constant, local shaykhs have some cases developed in response to local circumstances; thus we find in the case of the TQN of Suryalaya, that its shaykh, Kiyai Haji Shohibulwafa Tajul `Arifin (better known as Abah Anom) has concentrated on dhikr as an educational tool and as a means towards healing young drug addicts and victims of other mental illnesses. The spiritual and social benefits of TQN teachings came across clearly in Abah Anom's work Miftaḥ al-Ṣudur, which contains his views on a variety of mystical subjects, and which is analyzed in the final chapter. There we find that Abah Anom preserves TQN teachings intact while stressing some of its aspects and de-emphasizing others that preoccupied the order's founder, such as the doctrine of muraqaba.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:QMM.82939 |
| Date | January 2002 |
| Creators | Sri Mulyati |
| Contributors | Landolt, Hermann A. (advisor), Ormsby, Eric (advisor) |
| Publisher | McGill University |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Coverage | Doctor of Philosophy (Institute of Islamic Studies.) |
| Rights | All items in eScholarship@McGill are protected by copyright with all rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. |
| Relation | alephsysno: 001982706, proquestno: AAINQ88536, Theses scanned by UMI/ProQuest. |
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