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Previous issue date: 2015-07-08 / Funda??o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM / Presente en todo continente americano, en los r?os de agua dulce y reproduci?ndose cerca de las desembocaduras, en virtud de su dependencia de la salinidad para la reproducci?n, el langostino Macrobrachium acanthurus es consumido por poblaciones tradicionales, que mediante pr?cticas extractivas lo capturan en sus diferentes fases del desarrollo. Este langostino presenta dimorfismo sexual, siendo los machos mayores que las hembras. En ?stos, los espermatozoides son producidos en los test?culos y reciben sustancias nutricionales a lo largo del vaso deferente donde son empaquetados en un espermat?foro que puede ser extra?do directamente de la ampolla terminal. El proceso de criopreservaci?n de especies nativas, tanto para proteger el patrimonio gen?tico o estimular una mayor producci?n animal mediante los procesos de inseminaci?n artificial, ha sido utilizado en varios organismos acu?ticos. En camarones, esta biotecnolog?a no ha sido empleada con suceso hasta ahora, aunque la mayor?a ha sido empleada a especies marinas. De esta forma, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo iniciar los estudios en esta especie nativa y diferente de otras investigaciones, no desarrollar un protocolo de congelamiento, sino viabilizar pr?cticas para que en el futuro se logre el suceso obtenido en otros organismos de cultivo. Para esto, se realizaron tres estudios, donde en el primero se identific? la mejor voltaje (6,0 Voltios) que permiti? la extracci?n del espermat?foro sin causar da?os ni al semen y ni a los animales, as? como la talla (18,0 mm de largo del caparaz?n) y peso (5,0 g peso vivo) con que estos animales podr?an contribuir con producci?n esperm?tica m?xima. El segundo estudio se realiz? para obtener una dieta que mejorase la producci?n de espermatozoides, sin comprometer su calidad para la criopreservaci?n. De las dietas probadas, una mezcla entre alimento fresco, compuesto de m?sculo de pescado y calamar, y un alimento seco, con un total de 30% de prote?na cruda, fue el recomendado, justificado por el bajo impacto proporcionado en la constituci?n del espermat?foro; sin embargo se necesitan m?s investigaciones en esto aspecto. El tercero experimento fue dividido en tres partes, habi?ndose realizado una prueba de toxicidad, donde el metanol 10% y el glicerol 10 y 20% con un tiempo de equilibrio de 10 minutos se presentaron como los menos t?xicos para el material seminal, siendo utilizados en cuatro pruebas de congelamiento; dos pruebas fueron hechas en un equipo comercial (automatizado) y otras dos con un m?todo convencional de congelamiento. El mejor resultado (21,83% de supervivencia) fue obtenido con el m?todo convencional, con glicerol 10%. En la tercera parte se realiz? una prueba de supervivencia esperm?tica con el uso de agua destilada por 10 d?as, siendo el material refrigerado a 5?C. Los resultados revelaron que los espermatozoides se mantienen viables hasta tres d?as, pudiendo utilizarse para la fecundaci?n. / Macrobrachium acanthurus ocorre em todo continente americano, ocupa rios de ?gua doce e se reproduz pr?ximo ? foz, em virtude da depend?ncia da salinidade para reprodu??o. ? uma esp?cie apreciada pelas popula??es tradicionais, que atrav?s de pr?ticas extrativistas o capturam em suas diversas fases do desenvolvimento. Este camar?o apresenta dimorfismo sexual, sendo os machos geralmente maiores que as f?meas. Os espermatozoides desta esp?cie s?o produzidos nos test?culos e recebem subst?ncias nutritivas ao longo do vaso deferente, at? serem empacotados em um espermat?foro, que pode ser extra?do diretamente da ampola terminal. O processo de criopreserva??o de esp?cies nativas, seja para resguardar o patrim?nio gen?tico ou induzir a uma maior produ??o animal pelo processo de insemina??o artificial, t?m sido utilizado em diversos organismos aqu?ticos. Em camar?es, no entanto, esta biotecnologia n?o tem sido empregada com sucesso, sendo a maioria delas aplicadas a esp?cies marinhas. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo iniciar os estudos com esta esp?cie nativa e ao contr?rio de outras pesquisas, n?o desenvolver um protocolo de congelamento, mas viabilizar pr?ticas para que se alcancem num futuro o sucesso obtido em outros organismos de cultivo. Para tanto foram desenvolvidos tr?s estudos, sendo o primeiro a identifica??o da melhor voltagem (6,0 Volts), que possibilitou a extra??o do espermat?foro, sem causar danos ao material seminal e ao animal, bem como o tamanho (18,0 mm de comprimento de cefalot?rax) e peso (5,0 g de peso vivo) para contribui??o m?xima de produ??o esperm?tica. O segundo estudo foi ? determina??o de uma dieta, que estimulasse maior produ??o esperm?tica, sem comprometer a qualidade do espermat?foro para a criopreserva??o. Para as dietas testadas, um mix entre o alimento fresco, composto por m?sculo de pescado e lula, e um alimento seco, totalizando 30% de prote?na bruta, foi o recomendado, justificado pelo baixo impacto proporcionado na constitui??o do espermat?foro, entretanto necessitando de mais pesquisas futuras. O terceiro experimento foi dividido em tr?s partes, sendo realizado um teste de toxicidade, onde o metanol 10% e o glicerol 10 e 20%, em um tempo de equil?brio de 10 minutos apresentaram-se como os menos t?xicos ao material seminal. Na segunda parte foram utilizados quatro curvas de congelamento; duas foram realizadas com equipamento comercial (automatizado) e outras duas em sistema convencional de congelamento, obtendo-se o melhor resultado (21,83% de sobreviv?ncia) no sistema convencional, com o uso de glicerol 10%. Em todos os dois sistemas houve 100% de mortalidade, quando o metanol 10% foi utilizado como crioprotetor. A terceira parte foi composta de um simples teste de sobreviv?ncia esperm?tica em ?gua destilada por 10 dias, estando o material armazenado em refrigerador a 5?C. Os resultados apontaram que por at? tr?s dias os espermatozoides se mant?m vi?veis e podem ser utilizados num processo de fecunda??o.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1452 |
| Date | 08 July 2015 |
| Creators | Costa, Tiago Viana da |
| Contributors | Oshiro, Lidia Miyako Yoshii, Greco, Laura Susana L?pez, Sakabe, Roberson, Santos, Alejandra Fillipo Gonzalez Neves dos, Mello, Marco Roberto Bourg de Mello, Oliveira, Gesilene Mendon?a de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Zootecnia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Spanish |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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