The currently topical problems of forest management are issues of trans-science. They
can be framed in the language of science but they cannot be resolved in the language of
science. They involve historically contingent phenomena for which predictive certainty is not
possible and they involve issues of moral, aesthetic and economic value. What is the role of
science in contributing to the public debate on what are fundamentally social issues such as
clear-cut logging or the preservation of old-growth forests?
A history and philosophy of science, in general, and ecological science, in particular, is
presented that traces the transition, over the last half century, from a positivist science of
universal, timeless, predictable order to a science that attempts to interpret local, particular
aspects of nature. The former relies on identifying restricted spatio-temporal scales that
facilitate prediction while the latter focuses on an understanding of the causal relations within
interrelated systems that facilitate explanation of system properties. A kind of contextual or
dialectical holism is advocated wherein system components are considered in the context of
the whole and the whole is considered as an epiphenomenon resulting from causal interaction
of the parts.
A history of forest science is presented that identifies sustained yield forestry as a
construct of positivist science. Recent insights by ecological science, into the complexity and
contingency of forest ecosystems, reveal the limitations of this simplified view. Moreover, the
application of a single large-scale strategy such as sustained yield forestry to managing forests
in British Columbia contained value assumptions that no longer reflect the full range of values
that the public express.
The currently topical debates on clear-cutting, logging in municipal watersheds and
over-cutting are offered as examples of how questions of fact and questions of value become
linked. Although these debates have been carried on in the language of science they are
essentially social issues and cannot be resolved by science.
The role of science in contributing to the resolution of social issues, such as the
development of a sustainable forestry, is not to develop specific solutions but to contribute to
the social dialogue in a subservient fashion. Science can characterize the context in which
disagreements about matters of value take place. Science can use its experimental protocols to
help society construct living experiments that allow us to learn our way into the future.
Science can take part in an equitable conversation on sustainable forestry that will facilitate a
better understanding of the beliefs and values of the human component of forested
ecosystems.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:BVAU.2429/7228 |
| Date | 11 1900 |
| Creators | Cushon, Geoffrey Harold |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Relation | UBC Retrospective Theses Digitization Project [http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/retro_theses/] |
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