Hypoxia is a significant low oxygen state that has complex and diverse impacts on organisms. In aerobes, various adaptive responses to hypoxia are observed that vary depending on the level of oxygen depletion and previous adaptation, hence the continued attention to hypoxia as an important abiotic stressor. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are primarily governed by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which activate downstream genetic pathways responsible for oxygen transport and metabolic plasticity. In aquatic habitats, oxygen availability can vary greatly over time and space. Therefore, aquatic organisms’ adaptation to hypoxia is likely pervasive, especially in genotypes originating from waterbodies prone to hypoxia. Here we report the transcriptional response to severe hypoxia in the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna. We observe improved survival in media containing elevated calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations. Additionally, we observe changes in lactate and pyruvate concentrations within tissues. To elucidate the transcriptome basis of these effects, we examine transcripts with known gene ontologies indicating roles in Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, and in pyruvate metabolism, including gluconeogenesis (GNG). We observe the up-regulation of numerous transcripts encoding GNG pathway enzymes, including the rate-limiting enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP). In contrast, no transcripts involved in Ca2+ homeostasis or signaling showed any significant differential expression. Some GNG transcripts are more up-regulated in clones from permanent waterbodies not prone to hypoxia, inconsistent with the hypothesis about its protective effects. One exception is the FBP transcript, which has been identified to be up-regulated in some hypoxia-tolerant aquatic organisms.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:ETSU/oai:dc.etsu.edu:honors-1890 |
| Date | 01 May 2022 |
| Creators | Malek, Morad C |
| Publisher | Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University |
| Source Sets | East Tennessee State University |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | Undergraduate Honors Theses |
| Rights | Copyright by the authors., http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ |
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