In the last decades, there has been a growing interest in studying particular those arthropods who have an important role in agroecosystems. For example, they are natural enemies of pests and therefore they are considered to be beneficial organisms. However, these beneficial arthropods may be negatively affected by the application of chemicals under the management of agroecosystems and their potential to inhibit pests can be significantly reduced. Such organisms certainly include spiders which occure in abundant numbers practically in all types of terrestrial habitats including agricultural ecosystems where they have a role of very important predators. Therefore, the thesis focused on current issues of pesticides, especially from the view of their negative effects on behavioral modification of beneficial invertebrate organisms in agricultural crops. The theoretical part is devoted to a brief characteristics of pesticides, their sublethal effects on non-target organisms and the importance of spiders as natural regulators of pests in agroecosystems. The practical part describes the experiment whereconventionally used agrochemicals were tested the influence of the herbicide and desiccant Basta 15, the Arrest preparation and their combination (mixture Basta 15 + Arrest) on spiders genus Pardosa. I focused on the side effects of these solutions, specifically on the modification of predatory behavior and on the mortality of spiders. It has been shown that agrochemicals affect the predation successfulness of spiders. From the short term and the long term point of view, it has been shown that spiders treated with the tested preparations killed less prey than the individuals in the control group which were treated only with distilled water. The dependence of mortality and the number of killed prey on the size and sex has not been proved. Preparations Basta 15 and the mixture caused significantly higher mortality of spiders. The Arrest preparation did not increase the mortality.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:nusl.cz/oai:invenio.nusl.cz:320563 |
| Date | January 2017 |
| Creators | KRIŠTOFOVÁ, Lucie |
| Source Sets | Czech ETDs |
| Language | Czech |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
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