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Previous issue date: 2013-07-25 / During the storage of oil, sludge is formed in the bottoms of tanks, due to
decantation, since the sludge is composed of a large quantity of oil (heavy petroleum
fractions), water and solids. The oil sludge is a complex viscous mixture which is
considered as a hazardous waste. It is then necessary to develop methods and
technologies that optimize the cleaning process, oil extraction and applications in
industry. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the composition of the oil sludge, to
obtain and characterize microemulsion systems (MES), and to study their applications in
the treatment of sludge. In this context, the Soxhlet extraction of crude oil sludge and
aged sludge was carried out, and allowing to quantify the oil (43.9 % and 84.7 % - 13
?API), water (38.7 % and 9.15 %) and solid (17.3 % and 6.15 %) contents, respectively.
The residues were characterized using the techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Xray
diffraction (XRD) and transmission Infrared (FT-IR). The XRF technique determined
the presence of iron and sulfur in higher proportions, confirming by XRD the presence of
the following minerals: Pyrite (FeS2), Pyrrhotite (FeS) and Magnetite (Fe3O4). The FT-IR
showed the presence of heavy oil fractions. In parallel, twelve MES were prepared,
combining the following constituents: two nonionic surfactants (Unitol L90 and Renex
110 - S), three cosurfactants (butanol, sec-butanol and isoamyl alcohol - C), three
aqueous phase (tap water - ADT, acidic solution 6 % HCl, and saline solution - 3.5 %
NaCl - AP) and an oil phase (kerosene - OP). From the obtained systems, a common
point was chosen belonging to the microemulsion region (25 % [C+S] 5 % OP and AP
70 %), which was characterized at room temperature (25?C) by viscosity (Haake
Rheometer Mars), particle diameter (Zeta Plus) and thermal stability. Mixtures with this
composition were applied to oil sludge solubilization under agitation at a ratio of 1:4, by
varying time and temperature. The efficiencies of solubilization were obtained excluding
the solids, which ranged between 73.5 % and 95 %. Thus, two particular systems were
selected for use in storage tanks, with efficiencies of oil sludge solubilization over 90 %,
which proved the effectiveness of the MES. The factorial design delimited within the
domain showed how the MES constituents affect the solubilization of aged oil sludge,
as predictive models. The MES A was chosen as the best system, which solubilized a
high amount of aged crude oil sludge (~ 151.7 g / L per MES) / No armazenamento de petr?leo a borra ? formada nos fundos de tanques, devido
a sua decanta??o, j? que a borra ? composta por grande quantidade de ?leo (fra??es
pesadas de petr?leo), ?gua e s?lidos. A borra de petr?leo ? uma mistura complexa,
viscosa e considerada um res?duo perigoso, tornando-se necess?rio desenvolver
tecnologias e m?todos que facilitem a limpeza, a extra??o do ?leo e a aplica??o na
ind?stria. Portanto, neste trabalho objetivou-se determinar a composi??o da borra de
petr?leo, obter e caracterizar sistemas microemulsionados (SME), e estudar as suas
aplica??es no tratamento da borra. Neste contexto, utilizou-se a extra??o Soxhlet da
borra de petr?leo bruta e da borra envelhecida, permitindo quantificar o teor de ?leo
(43,9 % e 84,7 % - 13 ?API), de ?gua (38,7 % e 9,15 %) e de s?lidos (17,3 % e 6,15 %),
respectivamente. Os res?duos foram caracterizados atrav?s das t?cnicas de
fluoresc?ncia de raios X (FRX), de difra??o de raios X (DRX) e Infravermelho de
transmiss?o (IFT). O FRX determinou a presen?a de ferro e enxofre em maiores
propor??es, comprovando-se pelo DRX a presen?a dos seguintes minerais: Pirita
(FeS2), Pirrotita (FeS) e Magnetita (Fe3O4). O IFT mostrou a presen?a de fra??es
pesadas de petr?leo. Em paralelo foram obtidos doze SME, combinando os seguintes
constituintes: dois tensoativos n?o i?nicos (Unitol L90 e Renex NP110 - T), tr?s
cotensoativos (butanol, sec-butanol e ?lcool isoam?lico - C), tr?s fases aquosas (?gua
de torneira - ADT, solu??o ?cida HCl 6 % e solu??o salina NaCl 3,5 % - Fa) e uma
fase ?leo (querosene - Fo). A partir da obten??o destes sistemas, foi escolhido um
ponto em comum na regi?o de microemuls?o (25 % [C+T], 5 % Fo e 70 % Fa), os quais
foram caracterizados, a temperatura ambiente (25?C), atrav?s da viscosidade
(Re?metro de Haake Mars), di?metro de part?culas (Zeta Plus) e estabilidade t?rmica.
Misturas com essa composi??o foram aplicadas na solubiliza??o da borra do petr?leo,
sob agita??o, na propor??o de 1:4, variando tempo e temperatura. As efici?ncias de
solubiliza??o foram obtidas desconsiderando o teor de s?lidos, situado em uma faixa de
73,5 % a 95 %. Assim, escolheram-se dois sistemas como destaque para aplica??o em
tanques de armazenamento, com efici?ncias de solubiliza??o da borra de petr?leo
acima de 90 %, comprovando-se assim a efic?cia do SME. Os planejamentos
experimentais fatoriais delimitaram dentro do dom?nio a influ?ncia de constituintes dos
SME na solubiliza??o da borra de petr?leo envelhecida, com modelos preditivos. O
SME A foi escolhido como o melhor sistema, que solubilizou elevada concentra??o de
borra de petr?leo bruta envelhecida (~151,7 g/L por SME)
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/17730 |
| Date | 25 July 2013 |
| Creators | Viana, Flavia Freitas |
| Contributors | CPF:07286937391, http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783139Z0&dataRevisao=null, Gurgel, Alexandre, CPF:59721421472, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5266735277153768, Rossi, C?tia Guaraciara Fernandes Teixeira, CPF:77044568491, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0103853142184734, Silva, Djalma Ribeiro da, CPF:13893734449, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2791074318745945, Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Qu?mica, UFRN, BR, F?sico-Qu?mica; Qu?mica |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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