Chemical warfare agents can be currently considered a high risk to humans. Group of nerve agents, is considered the most dangerous. These highly toxic substances have a rapid onset of action, the organism will receive all the entry gates, therapy intoxication is always difficult and death occurs often. The body's resistance to the effects of nerve agents at the expected intoxication increases not only prophylactic administration of antidotes , eg. when working in a contaminated environment after a terrorist attack, but also potentiates the subsequent antidotal therapy after exposure. This thesis is dedicated to gain in depth understanding of nerve agents with aspect of pharmacological prophylaxis. The introduction presents combat toxic substances in general, differentiation due to its effect on human with possible damage to the organism and brief characteristics of every basic type of nerve agents with examples included. Further on the theoretical part focuses on issues of nerve agents. The history of their development and well-known applicationsis breifly mentioned, respectively, abuse in the world. The thesis mentions of the Conventions on the prohibition of chemical weapons in connection with the misuse. Thesis continues dividing type nerve agents, describing the mechanism of action, acute toxicity and its symptoms, diagnosis and therapy of poisoning. Degree, extent and rate of damage to the body caused by nerve agents depends on many factors. A major factor which influences the ultimate toxic effect are taken input. Body damage can be caused, for example. Inhalation administration, contamination of broken or intact skin, ingestion, or hitting the conjunctiva. Since they have nerve agent toxicity and high speed action, protective and preventive measures are an important element to prevent the penetration of substances into the body. The Army of the Czech Republic ensures the protection of personal protective equipment, decontamination of affected skin and pharmacological prophylaxis. Another part of this work is the term prophylaxis and related topics, especially pharmacological prophylaxis. Directions pharmaceutical prophylaxis currently can be divided into three directions - protection against acetylcholinesterase inhibition, administration of antidotes and normal use Scavengers called. "Scavengers". The body's resistance to the effects of nerve agents at the expected intoxication not only increases prophylactic administration of antidotes, but also potentiates the subsequent antidotal therapy after exposure. Prophylactics PANPAL and TRANSANT are in equipment of Czech Army, in the work is devoted more attention to them. Both of these products were developed in the Czech Republic. There are also presented antidotal remedies of first aid, which are available for the Army of the Czech Republic. The practical part of this thesis aims to compare the prophylactic antidotes in the Czech Republic and in selected countries of NATO from four perspectives - onset, prophylactic activities, application forms, and adverse effects. An analysis of the available Czech and foreign professional articles, publications and studies and the subsequent comparative analysis of the various aspects and evaluate various selected countries is used to achieve this goal. These resulting data then point to the position of the Czech Republic in the field of prevention against intoxication by nerve agents - The Army of Czech Republic that has put in service two prophylactic antidotes that achieve the best results investigational products. It may therefore be said that the Army of the Czech Republic currently has a combination of prophylactic best in the world, which is relatively free of side effects has easy application and an unnecessarily long duration of action. This result is even answer the research question - Prophylactic antidotes in the Czech Republic are comparable according to the given parameters with antidotes in selected countries.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:nusl.cz/oai:invenio.nusl.cz:200521 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Creators | OTRADOVCOVÁ, Dita |
| Source Sets | Czech ETDs |
| Language | Czech |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
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