Return to search

Farmakološki aktivne supstance kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) / PHARMACOLOGICALY ACTIVE SUPSTANCES OF SWEET CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa Mill.)

<p>Upotrebom 50% etanola i 50% acetona kao ekstragensa izvr&scaron;ena je ekstrakcija delova ploda kestena: srž ploda, braon spoljna kora ploda, crvena unutra&scaron;nja kora ploda, ceo plod (bez ježevica), kao i drveta: li&scaron;će, resa, ježevice, stara i mlada kora stabla. Ispitivani su pitomi kesten, lovranski marun i kalemljeni italijanski marun. Nakon određivanja prinosa suvog ekstrakta, primenom standardnih spektrofotometrijskih metoda određen je sadržaj fenolnih jedinjenja, flavonoida i kondenzovanih tanina. Iako je primenom 50% acetona kao ekstragensa dobijen veći prinos fenolnih materija, flavonoida i kondenzovanih tanina, za proizvodnju ekstrakata se preporučuje 50% etanol kao ekstragens, jer obezbeđuje sasvim zadovoljavajuće rezultate, a prihvatljiviji je sa aspekta znatno niže toksičnosti.<br />Ekstrakt lista lovranskog maruna i rese pitomog kestena roda 2007. godine &scaron;tite eritrocite od hemolize izazvane H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.<br />Glavne komponente hidrolizata nakon metanolizacije ekstrakata su dimetil estar dehidrodigalne kiseline i metil estar dilaktona elaginske i valoneinske kiseline. Kvantitativnom LC/MS i HPLC/DAD analizom najveći sadržaj elagitanina je utvrđen za ekstrakt ježevica (170,6 mg/g ekstrakta).<br />Izv&scaron;eno je ispitivanje antioksidativne aktivnosti ekstrakata u odnosu na 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), hidroksi (<sup>&bull;</sup>OH) i superoksidni anjon (<sup>&bull;</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) radikale. Kapacitet ekstrakata za transformaciju organskih hidrofilnih radikala, ispitan kao sposobnost redukcije spin probe Tempon je najveći za ekstrakt rese pitomog kestena (A = 18,1%), dok ekstrakti lista pitomog kestena i mlade kore drveta ispoljavaju slabu aktivnost. Ispitivanje protektivnog delovanja ekstrakata u odnosu na UV zračenje određeno je kao sposobnost uklanjanja <sup>&bull;</sup>OH i <sup>&bull;</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> radikala nastalih nakon zračenja. Ekstrakti koji ispoljavaju pozitivne, ali relativno niske RI vrednosti za proizvodnju obe vrste radikala <sup>&bull;</sup>OH i <sup>&bull;</sup>O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> su spoljna braon kora lovranskog maruna, resa sa kalemljenog italijanskog maruna i list lovranskog maruna. Negativne RI vrednosti dobijene za ostale ekstrakte ukazuju na prooksidativnu aktivnost u vodenom rastvoru izloženom UV zračenju. Ekstrakti rese, lista i ježevica ispoljavaju aktivnost u cilju preveniranja/otklanjanja lipidne peroksidacije membrane eritrocita.<br />Ispitivanjem<em> in vitro</em> antioksidativne aktivnosti primenom MTT testa je utvrđeno da ekstrakti rese i ježevica pitomog kestena i lista lovranskog maruna imaju izuzetno visoku antioksidativnu aktivnost u ćeliji. Naročito je povoljna činjenica da deluju u niskim koncentracijama (0,02 mg/ml). Antimikrobna aktivnost ekstrakata <em>C. sativa </em>određena je u odnosu na (G+) bakterije: <em>S. aureus, S. lutea, B. cereus, L. lactis ssp. lactis, M. pyrogenes var. albus</em>, kao i na (G-) bakterije: <em>P. mirabilis i S. typhimurium</em>. Značajnu antimikrobnu aktivnost daju ekstrakti kore drveta, ježevica i spoljne braon kore ploda. Ekstrakti srži ploda i celog ploda nisu ispoljili antimikrobnu aktivnost. Postoji značajna i jako značajna korelacija između antimikrobne aktivnosti ekstrakata, kao i antimikrobne i antioksidativne aktivnosti u odnosu na superoksid anjon radikale. Ekstrakti lista, ježevica, spoljne braon i unutra&scaron;nje crvene kore ploda, kao i kore drveta <em>C. sativa</em> Mill. dobijeni primenom 50% etanola kao ekstragensa predstavljaju značajan izvor komponenata sa farmakolo&scaron;kim delovanjem u cilju smanjenja nivoa oksidativnog stresa, poseduju visok kapacitet sprečavanja lipidne peroksidacije, deluju u pravcu preveniranja/otklanjanja lipidne peroksidacije i za&scaron;tite membrane eritrocita, imaju visoku <em>in vitro</em> antioksidativnu aktivnost, a ispoljavaju i značajnu antimikrobnu aktivnost.</p> / <p>Parts of chestnut such as: seeds (without spiny burs), peeled chestnut, red internal seed coat and brown seed coat, as well as parts of the trees: leaf, catkin, spiny burs, young and old chestnut bark have been extracted by 50% ethanol and 50% acetone as an extragent. Three cultivars of <em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.: sweet chestnut, Lovran&#39;s marrone and grafted Italian marrone were examined. After determination of the yield of dry extract, the content of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and condensed tannins are determined by application of standard spectrophotometrics methods. Although, the highest content of total phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins are obtained by 50% acetone as extragents, for production of extracts 50% ethanol is more suitable, regards much lower toxicity.<br />Extracts of the leaf of Lovran&#39;s marrone and catkin of sweet chestnut native in 2007, protect erythrocytes from hemolysis provoked by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.<br />Dehydrodigallic acid dimethyl ester, ellagic acid and valoneic acid dilactone methyl ester are the main compounds in all hydrolysates after methanolisation. The highest content of ellagitannin was detected in extract of spiny burs (170.6 mg/g extract), by application of quantitative LC/MS and HPLC/DAD analysis.<br />The examination of antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (<sup>&bull;</sup>OH) and superoxide (<sup>&bull;</sup>O2<sup>-</sup>) radicals have been done. Capacity of extracts for removal of organic, hydrophilic radicals, exanimate as potential of reduction of spin probe Tempon is highest in extract of catkin of sweet chestnut (A = 18.1%), while extracts of catkin, leaf and spiny burs almost have no antioxidative activity. The evaluation of UV-protective activity of extracts is determinated as capacity for removal of <sup>&bull;</sup>OH and O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> radicals generated after irradiation. Extracts which showed positive, but relative low RI values for production of both radical species, OH and <sup>&bull;</sup>O<sub>2</sub> radicals, are brown seed coat of Lovran&#39;s marrone, catkin of grafted Italian marrone and leaf of Lovran&#39;s marrone. Negative RI values obtained for other extracts show that these have prooxidative activity in aqueous solution exposed to UV radiation. Extracts of catkin, leaf and spiny burs expressed activity to prevent/remove lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes.<br />Examination of antioxidant activity <em>in vitro</em> by application of MTT test have been detected especially high antioxidant activity of extracts of catkin, spiny bur of sweet chestnut and leaf of Lovran&rsquo;s marrone in the cell. Particularly is favorable that extracts acting in low concentration (0.02 mg/ml). Antimicrobial activity of extracts of <em>C. sativa</em> was determinated against Gram-positive bacteria:<em> S. aureus, S. lutea, B. cereus, L. lactis ssp. lactis, M. pyrogenes var. albus</em>, as well as Gram-negative bacteria: <em>P. mirabilis and S. typhimurium</em>. The significant antimicrobial activity shows extracts of bark, spiny burs and brown seed coat. Extracts of peeled chestnut and seeds didn&rsquo;t show any antimicrobial activity. The very significant and significant correlation existed between antimicrobial activity of extracts, as well as antimicrobial activity and scavenging of<sup> &bull;</sup>O2<sup>-</sup> radical. Extracts of leaf, spiny burs, brown seed coat and red internal seed coat, as well as bark of <em>C. sativa</em> Mill. produced by 50% ethanol as extragent represent important resource of components with pharmacological activity in reducing level of oxidative stress, possess high activity to prevent/remove lipid peroxidation and protection of the membrane of erythrocytes, have high<em> in vitro</em> antioxidant activity, and also express significant antimicrobial activity.</p>

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)71291
Date28 August 2009
CreatorsŽivković Jelena
ContributorsZeković Zoran, Lepojević Žika, Mujić Ibrahim
PublisherUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology at Novi Sad
Source SetsUniversity of Novi Sad
LanguageSerbian
Detected LanguageEnglish
TypePhD thesis

Page generated in 0.0024 seconds