Chan Chung Sing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-101). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ix / List of Abbreviations --- p.xvii / Chapter CHATPER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Glucose Homeostasis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Function --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Origins and regulation of glucose --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Glucoregulatory factors --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Insulin --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Function of Insulin --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Discovery and Production of Insulin --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- Insulin Signaling Pathway --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.4.3.1 --- Insulin Receptor --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.4.3.2 --- MAPK Pathway --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.4.3.3 --- Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) Pathway --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Glucose Transporters --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Role of skeletal muscle in glucose homeostasis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Insulin Resistance --- p.14 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- Glucose abnormality and its complications --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2 --- Actin --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Function of Actin --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Actin Accessory Protein --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Actin Polymerization --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3 --- "Interaction between Insulin, GLUT4 and Actin in Glucose Homeostasis" --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Insulin-Induced Actin Remodeling --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Actin Remodeling and Insulin-Induced GLUT4 Translocation --- p.26 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Involvement of Insulin Signaling Molecules in Actin Remodeling --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Actin Remodeling and Insulin Resistance --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4 --- Hypothesis and Objective --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Rationale --- p.30 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hypothesis --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Objective --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cell Culture --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cell Culture --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Reagents Preparation and Incubation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3 --- 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Immunofluorescence Microscopy --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Permeabilized cell staining --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Membrane-intact cell staining --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- The analysis of actin remodeling reduction --- p.44 / Chapter 2.5 --- Live Image Microscopy --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6 --- Transmission Electron Microscope Study --- p.44 / Chapter 2.7 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- RESULTS / Chapter 3.1 --- Cell Growth --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Acute Effect of Insulin on L6 myotubes --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Immunofluorescence Microscopy --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- The time profile of insulin on actin cytoskeletonin permeabilized L6 myotubes --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- The concentration effect of insulin on actin cytoskeletonin permeabilized L6 myotubes --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Relationship between actin cytoskeleton and GLUT4mycin permeabilized L6 myotubes --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Translocation of GLUT4myc in membrane-intact L6 myotubes --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- "Effect of methyl-β-cyclodextrins, MeOH or EtOHin permeabilized and membrane-intact L6 myotubes" --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- "Effects of insulin, methyl-β-cyclodextrins, MeOH and EtOH in L6 myotubes" --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- TEM Study --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Effects of insulin on actin cytoskeleton and GLUT4myc in L6 myotubes --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3 --- Effect of high glucose and high insulin incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Immunofluorescence Microscopy --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- High insulin and high glucose preincubation in permeabilized L6 myotubes --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Effect of high insulin and high glucose incubationin membrane-intact L6 myotubes --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Effect of high insulin and high glucose incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- TEM Study --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Effect of high insulin and high glucose incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.57 / Chapter 3.4 --- Effect of FFA incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Immunofluorescence Microscopy --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- FFA preincubation in permeabilized L6 myotubes --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- FFA incubation in membrane-intact L6 myotubes --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- FFA incubation in L6 myotubes (24 hours) --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- TEM Study --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- FFA incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5 --- Effect of CHO incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Immunofluorescence Microscopy --- p.62 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- CHO preincubation in permeabilized L6 myotubes --- p.63 / Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- CHO incubation in membrane-intact L6 myotubes --- p.63 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake --- p.64 / Chapter 3.5.2.1 --- CHO incubation in L6 myotubes (24 hours) --- p.64 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- TEM Study --- p.65 / Chapter 3.5.3.1 --- CHO incubation in L6 myotubes --- p.65 / Chapter 3.6 --- Overall changes in glucose uptake after preincubation experiment --- p.65 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- DISCUSSION / Chapter 4.1 --- Effect of insulin on L6 myotubes --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Effect of methyl-β-cyclodextrins, MeOH and EtOH on L6 myotube" --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effect of pretreatment of cells in conditions of insulin resistance --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of high glucose and high insulin preincubation on L6 myotubes --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of FFA preincubation on L6 myotubes --- p.78 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of CHO preincubation on L6 myotubes --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effect of cell preincubation in conditions of insulin resistance on L6 myotubes (TEM) --- p.83 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary of the effects of cell preincubation in conditions of insulin resistance --- p.84 / Chapter 4.5 --- Possible mechanisms involved in insulin resistance induction --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Possible changes in GLUT expression and activities --- p.87 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Possible changes in insulin signaling propagation --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Altered functioning of various actin accessory proteins --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Limitation of the study --- p.90 / Chapter 4.7 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter 4.8 --- Future study --- p.91 / REFERENCES --- p.93 / TABLES
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_323972 |
| Date | January 2002 |
| Contributors | Chan, Chung Sing., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Medical Sciences. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xix, 101 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
Page generated in 0.0136 seconds