Notre travail constitue une analyse objective de l'évolution des connaissances relatives aux acides et aux bases construites par les élèves et les étudiants suite aux enseignements reçus et en particulier lors de la transition lycée-université. Les travaux antérieurs avaient pour objectif de faire ressortir les conceptions alternatives et les difficultés dans la compréhension de ces concepts que sont susceptible de rencontrer les élèves et étudiants concernés par notre étude. Notre cadre théorique s’articule autour de la transposition didactique, de rapport au savoir et des relations entre les phénomènes et leur modélisation dans l'enseignement de la chimie. D’où l’apparition des questions et hypothèses de recherche. Suite aux analyses effectuées, il en résulte un manque de rigueur dans l’utilisation du vocabulaire et/ou du formalisme conduisant parfois à la présentation de modèles hybrides susceptibles d’induire chez les élèves ou les étudiants des conceptions alternatives ou de conduire à des difficultés de compréhension. Plusieurs conceptions alternatives et difficultés résultent aussi de la non mise en relation claire et explicite par les enseignants des trois registres de la chimie, macroscopique, microscopique et symbolique. Enfin, la transition lycée-université ne remplit pas les conditions favorables à un approfondissement conceptuel des savoirs vus en terminale, elle permet tout au plus leur réappropriation par certains. / This work consisted of a complete longitudinal study of the didactic transposition relative to the acids and base conceptual field from the upper-secondary school to the first university year in Tunisia. A literature review led to the formulation of the research questions and hypotheses and to the choice of a analysis theoretical framework, the anthropological theory of didactics of Chevallard and the link between phenomena and their modelling in the chemistry education. Having made a historical analysis of the reference knowledge construction we realized a study of the institutional relationship of the pupils/students with the objects of knowledge for the various levels of education. We found a lack of strictness in the use of the vocabulary and\or formalism sometimes leading to the presentation of hybrid models susceptible to induce pupils/ student’s alternative conceptions or to lead to difficulties of understanding. We put in evidence that the tasks and techniques which repeat during the various levels of education concern the pH calculations and titrations. In the taught knowledge we have identify some inaccuracies and some inadequacy which can be at the origin of certain difficulties or alternative conceptions. Concerning the evolution of the knowledge learnt further to the successive educations, we put in evidence that the education concerning the acid and base concepts from the second year of upper-secondary school (grade 10) to the first university year leads gradually to the passage of a "phenomenological model" to a "symbolic model", then to a " pithy formula model", but little to the integration of the Bronsted scientific model. We also showed that it is in the difficulty to linking the three registers of chemistry, macroscopic, microscopic and symbolic, that lives the main difficulties encountered by pupils/students and their tendency to have recourse to use alternative reasoning’s. Besides, the conceptions and the identified alternative reasoning’s seem due to a lack of strictness in the presentation of the taught knowledge contents. Finally, if we consider the conceptual evolution during the secondary school-university transition, we put in evidence that this transition does not perform the favourable conditions to a conceptual analysis of the knowledge’s seen in grade 12, it allows, at the most, to their another appropriation by some. Propositions for improve this evolution were formulated.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:theses.fr/2009BOR24925 |
| Date | 05 December 2009 |
| Creators | Ouertatani, Latifa |
| Contributors | Bordeaux 2, Université de Tunis, Dumon, Alain, Trabelsi-Ayadi, Malika |
| Source Sets | Dépôt national des thèses électroniques françaises |
| Language | French |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, Text |
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