全球變暖現象在最近幾年的高漲，引發了城市中不斷發生的嚴峻局部炎熱氣候，也令戶外熱舒適度課題不斷得到更多關注。這篇論文中作者從城市設計角度考察熱舒適度的分佈，並且著眼于通過定量模型研究城市形態因子與熱舒適度之間的關係，以模型作爲客觀數據實測和人主觀感受之間的橋梁。文中以荷蘭城市鹿特丹為典型代表研究了輻射爲主情況下城市設計對熱能動力學的影響，用平均輻射溫度為關鍵變量基於SOLWEIG軟件模擬探討這個變量的時空分佈。同時爲了在更長時間段中對熱舒適度作校準，輻射模擬的結果也通過RayMan軟件和氣象學觀測結果結合得出更加符合人體感受的熱環境評判結論。 / 文中主要考慮三种城市形態因子：高寬比，街道方向，和建築物外形。街道被分成中間區域和兩邊行人區域，以力圖得到最接近事實上熱舒適度感覺的結果。通過分析模型輸出和模擬結果，我們確認了城市形態因子對熱舒適度有顯著影響。從不同角度進一步研究不同城市因子的變化和熱舒適度變化之間的定量關係，我們發現所考慮的三种形態因子都會改變熱舒適度的分佈，並且各個因子的影響之間也有相關性。這些影響和相關性讓我們可以從結果中總結出更深層的機理，其中最重要的分別是日間太陽短波輻射的阻擋陰影效果和夜間長波散熱的束縛效果。在這兩個原理的作用下模型結果可以得到統一的解釋歸納，並且給出基於這些結果的城市設計方面的建議，包括在日照最充足的區域減小天空開闊度，通過調整街道方向減少日光直接照射等等。 / 文中所給出的結果和研究方法展現了城市形態對熱舒適度的動態影響，並可以作爲進一步研究的基礎。我們給出了一些可行的擴展，討論了更多可以研究的重要效應，以進一步加深對這些影響的理解和拓寬改善城市熱環境的手段。經由定量建模和多變量分析，城市設計對熱舒適度的影響可以得到更好理解和利用。 / The outdoor thermal comfort is becoming an increasingly important topic in recent years because of the global warming effect and the severe heat events experienced by cities. In this thesis we address the thermal comfort from the urban design perspective and aim at quantitatively modeling the relationship between urban form factors and thermal comfort output from a data-based human-oriented approach. Selecting Rotterdam of the Netherlands as a target city, we focus upon the radiation component of thermal environment when connecting urban design to thermal equilibrium dynamics. The radiation is represented by the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt) variable, and simulated using the Solar Long Wave Environmental Irradiance Geometry (SOLWEIG) model. To evaluate the long-term calibrated thermal comfort using data over longer periods the RayMan model is also used to combine the radiation simulation output with meteorological parameters for a more human-oriented comparison. / The urban form factors considered include the height-to-width ratio (h/w), the street orientations, and the urban forms. To enable a more realistic evaluation of pedestrian thermal comfort we also divide the street into three separate zones so that the center and two side pavement zones can be individually studied and placed together for a comparison. The results confirm the impact of urban forms on thermal comfort and quantitatively evaluate such effects from all different perspectives. We find that all the urban form factors impose variations of the simulated thermal variables, and they also have correlated interactions revealing deeper connections and principles governing such relations. The most significant principles found for the scenario studies are the shading of solar short-wave radiation during the day and the trapping of long-wave emission at night, summarizing all the individual effects into a coherent body of knowledge. Utilizing these discoveries we can make design recommendations toward a better thermal environment, including reducing the sky view factor at the locations with the most solar radiation exposure, orienting the streets to utilize the building shades, etc. / As a precursor into the dynamic nature of urban form impact over thermal comfort, the results and methodology presented in this thesis serve as a foundation of more research in the same direction. Several possible extensions are proposed and more important effects are mentioned, revealing the potential and strength of our approach. Both the current research and possible extensions contribute to the field of urban thermal comfort and provide unique perspectives for rigorous quantitative investigations into a realistic urban thermal comfort model. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Dai, Qun. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-80). / Abstracts also in Chinese.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1202923 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Contributors | Dai, Qun (author.), Schnabel, Marc Aurel (thesis advisor.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Architecture. (degree granting institution.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (xiii, 114 leaves) : illustrations (some color), color maps, computer, online resource |
| Coverage | Netherlands, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Rotterdam, Netherlands, Rotterdam |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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