Forensic literature has shown particularly high prevalence of violent behavior in offenders convicted of rape but not the otherwise. There is empirical and theoretical support for the development of rape behavior being preceded by a sequence of increasingly non-violent and violent acts. All these point to rape as a subset of violent behavior. However, no existing research has studied the co-occurrence of rape and violent behavior coupled with their underlying mediating factors. This study represents the first empirical attempt to explore the developmental paths to rape behavior in association with its co-occurred violent behavior within the cognitive framework, tracing from distal developmental adversities to cognitive variables common and specific to rape and violent behavior, and then pornography use. Using structural equation modeling, the hypothesized model was tested in a sample of 175 adult male prisoners serving sentence in the Correctional Services Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the conviction of rape and / or violent offence. The resulting Developmental Sexual-Aggressive Model of Rape Behavior explicated that distal developmental adversities, a host of cognitive mediators namely hostility toward women, sexual masculinity factor, antisocial / violent attitudinal factor and entitlement, together with the more proximate behavioral precursors namely pornography use and violent behavior all contributed to explain rape behavior after controlling for social desirability. While hostility toward women and sexual masculinity constituted rape-specific cognitive constructs, the other cognitive constructs were common factors of both rape and violent behavior. The strongest cognitive construct was hostility toward women which emerged early on in the developmental model. Three etiologic paths underlying the development of rape behavior had been identified: one Sexual Path and two Aggressive Paths. The extent of influence between the Sexual Path and the two Aggressive Paths in total was comparable but the two Aggressive Paths became more influential to repeat rape behavior with higher frequency. The Aggressive Paths not only rendered empirical support to the co-occurrence of rape and violent behavior but more importantly revealed a violence-to-rape behavioral pattern. Taking a developmental perspective, the model made direct clinical implications for multiple entry points for rape prevention strategies targeting the general population, the at-risk males and the convicted rapists in order to achieve the ultimate goal of protecting public safety. Research implications with suggestions for future empirical studies were also included. / 犯罪學文獻表明暴力行為在犯了強姦罪名的犯人中特別普遍，但相反則不然；亦有實證和理論支持強姦行為是由一連串非暴力以致暴力行為逐步發展而成。這都顯示強姦行為是暴力行為的一個子集。然而，沒有任何現有的研究探究了強姦行為和暴力行為的共存，及它們背後的中介因素。這項研究是第一個科研致力探討強姦行為和與它並存的暴力行為的發展路徑。在認知框架下，發展路徑從遠端成長期遇到的逆境，至強姦行為和暴力行為共同及特殊的認知因素，然後到色情資訊的使用。根據結構方程式模型，假設模型在175名因強姦和/或暴力罪名，在香港特區政府懲教署服刑的男性成年犯人所組成的樣本進行測試。研究控制了社會讚許變項後所得的「性侵略性模型發展」(Developmental Sexual-Aggressive Model)，闡述遠端成長期遇到的逆境、一系列認知中介因素即敵視女性、以性主導的男子氣概、反社會 / 暴力思想及權利主意，行為方面的近因即色情資訊的使用和暴力行為，有助於解釋強姦行為。敵視女性及以性主導的男子氣概構成強姦行為特殊的認知因素，而其他認知因素則構成強姦行為和暴力行為的共同因素。敵視女性是當中最重要的因素，而又在發展模型中早期出現。強姦行為背後的三個病因路徑是：一個性的路徑(Sexual Path)和兩個攻擊路徑(Aggressive Path)。單一的性路徑和總的兩個攻擊路徑之間的影響程度是類似的，但兩個攻擊路徑對高頻的重複強姦行為變得更有影響力。兩個攻擊路徑不僅提供了實證支持強姦行為和暴力行為的共存，更重要的是揭示了「暴力演變至強姦的行為模式」(violence-to-rape behavioral pattern)。研究所得的模型別具臨床意義，為預防強姦的策略提供多個入口點，包括針對公眾、存有風險的男性和被定罪的強姦犯，以達到保障公眾安全的最終目標。最後，對未來的實證研究亦提出了建議。 / Lee, Kit Shan Yvonne. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-223). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendixes in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, January, 2017). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1290638 |
| Date | January 2015 |
| Contributors | Lee, Kit Shan Yvonne (author.), Liang, Yongliang (thesis advisor.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Psychology. (degree granting institution.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource (x, 251 leaves) : illustrations, computer, online resource |
| Coverage | China, Hong Kong |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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