Biocides are widely used as a preservative or as an antiseptic agent in consumer care products such as
toothpaste, mouthwash, and soaps, as well as in household cleaners and even in textiles due to their
high antimicrobial effectiveness. The usage of this compounds results in discharge to wastewater
treatment plants and so into surface waters.
Their existence in the environment is of importance due to their negative effects on aquatic
environment microorganisms and human health in terms of occurrence in surface waters and their fate
in wastewater treatment plants.
In this scope, this study focuses on occurrence and fate of selected biocides, namely triclosan (TCS)
and chlorhexidine (CHD), in wastewater treatment plants and in surface waters. It was aimed to
determine the biocides levels in surface water and wastewater in Turkey. For the wastewater treatment
plant (WWTP) studies, several WWTPs with different process configurations, namely, Tatlar WWTP,
METU WWTP, Kayseri WWTP and Antalya WWTPs were selected. Composite wastewater samples
were taken from various points along the WWTPs on a seasonally basis for one year period. For the
surface water part, samples were taken monthly from three different sources with different pollution
levels, namely, Kesikkö / prü / Reservoir, Ç / amlidere Reservoir and Eymir Lake for one year period. All
water samples were analyzed for their biocide level using liquid chromatography, following solid
phase cartridge extraction.
As a result of analyses, TCS concentration in surface water samples was detected as in the range of
0.65-11.15 ng/L, 0.86-48.96 ng/L and 0.86-757.7 ng/L for clean, moderately polluted and polluted
water sources respectively. The recovery of solid phase extraction analyses for TCS was achieved as
%92. CHD concentration was determined as in the range of < / 1.33-5.31 ng/L for surface water
samples and the recovery of extraction were calculated as %96 for CHD. The concentration of TCS in
wastewater samples was measured as in the range of 1.77-94.47 ng/L and 1.40-15.09 ng/L for influent
and effluent samples respectively. These ranges became 1.39-10.45 ng/L and < / 1.32-2.44 ng/L for
CHD. The highest concentrations of biocides were observed in sludge samples with concentrations of
1117-3687 &mu / g/kg and 510-2742 &mu / g/kg for TCS and CHD. Biocide removal efficiency of primary and
biological treatment together was reported as % 67.5± / 8.2 in January 2012 Tatlar WWTP analyses.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:METU/oai:etd.lib.metu.edu.tr:http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615634/index.pdf |
| Date | 01 February 2013 |
| Creators | Yavuz, Merve |
| Contributors | Dilek, Filiz |
| Publisher | METU |
| Source Sets | Middle East Technical Univ. |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | M.S. Thesis |
| Format | text/pdf |
| Rights | Access forbidden for 1 year |
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