Ozone is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant used in potable wastewater reuse to destroy specific harmful compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds. Ozonation also increases the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds and inactivates disease-causing microbes. However, bromate, a regulated possible human carcinogen can form when bromide is present due to natural or industrial sources. Pilot-scale testing on wastewater treatment plant effluent with high bromide concentrations showed that the addition of preformed monochloramine could reduce bromate formation by as much as 97%. Monochloramine addition was able to keep concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 µg/L while exceeding 3-log or 99.9% virus removal credit. Preforming monochloramine in separate carrier water prior to addition upstream of ozonation eliminated the potential for disinfection byproduct formation when monochloramine is formed in the main water flow. This also allowed for the mechanisms of bromate suppression by monochloramine to be examined without the influence of reactions between chlorine and dissolved organic matter present. This research can help increase the application of ozonation in water reuse. / MS / Ozone is a powerful oxidant and disinfectant used in potable wastewater reuse to destroy specific harmful compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disrupting compounds. Ozonation also increases the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds and inactivates disease-causing microbes. However, bromate, a regulated possible human carcinogen can form when bromide is present due to natural or industrial sources. Pilot-scale testing on wastewater treatment plant effluent with high bromide concentrations showed that the addition of preformed monochloramine could reduce bromate formation by as much as 97%. Monochloramine addition was able to keep concentrations below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 µg/L while exceeding 3-log or 99.9% virus removal credit. Preforming monochloramine in separate carrier water prior to addition upstream of ozonation eliminated the potential for disinfection byproduct formation when monochloramine is formed in the main water flow. This also allowed for the mechanisms of bromate suppression by monochloramine to be examined without the influence of reactions between chlorine and dissolved organic matter present. This research can help increase the application of ozonation in water reuse.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:VTETD/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/98773 |
| Date | 13 December 2018 |
| Creators | Pearce, Robert Lindsay MacCormack |
| Contributors | Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pruden, Amy, Bott, Charles B., Knocke, William R. |
| Publisher | Virginia Tech |
| Source Sets | Virginia Tech Theses and Dissertation |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | ETD, application/pdf |
| Rights | In Copyright, http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ |
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