This study tested a structural model, examining the relationship between a latent variable
termed demoralization and measured variables (anxiety, depression and hopelessness) in
a community sample of Canadian youth. The combined sample consisted of data
collected from four independent studies from 2001 to 2005. Nine hundred and seventy
one (n=971) participants in each of the previous four studies were high school students
(grades 10-12) from three geographic locations: Calgary, Saskatchewan and Lethbridge.
Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires including the Beck Anxiety
Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-Revised (BDI-II), Beck Hopelessness Scale
(BHS), and demographic survey. Structural equation modeling was used for statistical
analysis. The analysis revealed that the final model, including depression, anxiety and
hopelessness and one latent variable demoralization, fit the data (chi-square value, X2 (2)
=7.24, p<. 001, goodness of fit indices (CFI=0.99, NFI=0.98) and standardized error
(0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that close relationships exist among depression,
anxiety, hopelessness and demoralization. In addition, the model was stable across
demographic variables: sex, grade, and location. Further, the model explains the
relationship between sub-clinical anxiety, depression and hopelessness. These findings
contribute to a theoretical framework, which has implications with educational and
clinical interventions. The present findings will help guide further preventative research
in examining demoralization as a precursor to sub-clinical anxiety and depression. / xi, 127 leaves ; 29 cm.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:LACETR/oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:ALU.w.uleth.ca/dspace#10133/344 |
| Date | January 2006 |
| Creators | Cunningham, Shaylyn, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Education |
| Contributors | Gunn, Thelma, Alladin, Assen |
| Publisher | Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2005, Education |
| Source Sets | Library and Archives Canada ETDs Repository / Centre d'archives des thèses électroniques de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Relation | Thesis (University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Education) |
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