The majority of massive stars end their lives by ejecting their outer envelopes in a corecollapse supernova explosion. The collision of their ejecta with the surrounding circumstellar medium results in the formation of supernova remnants that have been detected at all wavelengths, from radio to gamma-rays. For several dozen supernova remnants, very-long-baseline radio interferometers have spatially resolved the interaction region and directly measured the expansion rates of the shocked gas; many show evidence of the interaction of supernova ejecta with the dense slow winds characteristic of the red supergiant progenitors. Understanding the dynamics and morphology of the interaction region, particularly in young supernova remnants leads to estimates of the total mass of the circumstellar medium, as well as its density distribution around the star given the value of the wind velocity. Here we studied the interaction of the supernova ejecta with different circumstellar environments to investigate the hydrodynamic evolution of young supernova remnants in the SedovTaylor phase. We used the massively parallel, multi-physics magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) and gravity code, GIZMO, for our simulations. We chose GIZMO for its flexibility in allowing the user to choose different methods to solve the fluid equations, i.e., new Lagrangian Godunovtype schemes, e.g., Meshless Finite Volume (MFV) and Meshless Finite Mass (MFM), as well as various flavors of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), or Eulerian fixed-grid schemes. Since the majority of previous studies used the latter, we focused on an extensive comparison of all the meshless methods in solving the Sedov-Taylor blastwave test, a problem for which there is an exact solution. For our given compute resources, we found the parameters (e.g., smoothing length, number of neighbours, artificial viscosity, and particle resolution) for each meshless method that gave the best agreement with the exact solution. We then carried out 2D and 3D simulations of the hydrodynamic interaction of the supernova ejecta with varying density profiles assumed for the circumstellar medium, namely: a 1/r 2 density profile, for a typical, spherically symmetric red supergiant stellar wind, and an axisymmetric torus profile, inspired by the observation of a dense, dusty torus of the circumstellar material around the red supergiant, WOH G64 (Ohnaka et al., 2008). Radially assembled Hierarchical Equal Area isoLatitude Pixelization (HEALPix) shells were used to set-up the initial density and velocity profiles for the ejecta, which is marked by a flat inner core and a steeply declining outer edge. The Weighted Voronoi Tessellation code was used to produce the 1/r 2 and axisymmetric torus density distributions. We showed that the growth of Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in the 2D and 3D 1/r 2 profiles are visible as early as 20 yrs into the evolution of the remnant and become increasingly unstable up to 100 yr. While 2D simulations of 1/r 2 profiles show the presence of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities in the hot shell of a contact discontinuity, in 3D we see large bubbles and filamentary structure of the instabilities. Our results for the numerical approaches to simulating the systems for the 1/r 2 density cases were broadly consistent with previous studies in the literature where stationary grids were used. Two scenarios with different torus-cavity density contrasts were considered in which we found that the instability rolls along the half-opening angle takes ∼ 40 yr to develop in the axisymmetric torus with smooth density drop, whereas the axisymmetric torus with steep density drop does not develop any instability rolls up to the end of the simulation. We concluded with a discussion of the implications of our models for the morphology of supernova remnants and their expected levels of multi-wavelength emission.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:uct/oai:localhost:11427/32810 |
| Date | 10 February 2021 |
| Creators | Mogawana, Orapeleng |
| Contributors | Mohamed, Shazrene, van der Heyden, K |
| Publisher | Faculty of Science, Department of Astronomy |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Master Thesis, Masters, MSc |
| Format | application/pdf |
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